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10 Worst Performing IPOs Of All Time

Worst Performing IPOs

By Alejandro Cremades

IPOs are tough. Here are some of those that have turned ugliest after going public.

Going public can be great. It can be a win for venture capital investors, employees, founders, the public and those buying shares in an IPO. 

IPOs can also be a grueling process, may lead to a demoralizing stint for founders who must work for someone else, and really terrible decisions that burn the core customer base and plunge the stock and company value into darkness. 

Here are ten of the worst examples of IPOs and what you don’t want to happen to your company or invest in.

Upwork

1. Upwork

Upwork’s stock has plunged almost 40% in 2019, after going public in Q4 2018. There were big hopes for the giant outsourcing platform that once ate competitor Elance and has millions of freelancers and employers using the service for remote work. As it often happens after an IPO, Upwork has instituted many new policies and fees on its core user base. Perhaps, without doing the math and using a little common sense to see the fallout. Without a major and fast turn around in policy, don’t expect to see much growth in this stock. 

2. Uber

Uber has been dubbed the worst IPO in the last 40 years, which is, potentially, a sign of things to come for other massive IPOs and for companies that are losing money. Uber investors lost $618M on the first day of trading according to Fortune. It has dropped another 25% in value since then.

You wouldn’t think many entrepreneurs would want to take on a giant like Uber. But, there are many companies that have raised hundreds of millions of dollars and are doing quite well. 

3. Facebook

You might not use Facebook anymore. The stock may be doing well now and over the past few years. Yet, when they went public they were called the worst IPO in a decade. The IPO led to at least 40 lawsuits, and the stock price ended up going down by around 50% in its first year of being traded.

Facebook is a great case study in IPO jitters and volatility, as well as what a stock and company can do, even if its original line of business is no longer trendy.

Facebook

4. Pets.com

Despite a Super Bowl ad and participating in the Macy’s parade, Pets.com bombed hard. It was a classic case of an IPO on a completely unprofitable company. They were spending over $7 on advertising for every $1 in sales made. Worse, they spent $13.4M on products they sold for just $5.8M. As Fool.com puts it, they were buying at retail prices and selling at wholesale prices, and they paid a fortune in advertising just to do that. It would make a great book on how to lose as much money as fast as possible. They went bankrupt in less than a year.

5. Groupon

Groupon is another infamous Super Bowl advertiser. Less than a year after going public, Groupon’s stock price had dropped by 80%. Groupon also cashed out the vast majority of its venture capital investors and paid its cofounder $300M, effectively making them bankrupt right before the IPO. While still traded, the stock is now around 10% of what it was originally priced for the initial public offering. It now stands at barely over $2 a share. While Groupon may have been the fastest to get to a billion dollars, it was criticized for a seriously flawed business model. One which may have worked in the bubble of Silicon Valley, but not much farther than that. Not a great thing when you’ve employed 6,000 people who are counting on you and their jobs. Recently despite almost $3B in revenues, their net income barely breaks $14M. 

6. Zynga

Forbes has called Zynga’s IPO and later, 60% drop in share price as one of the worst IPOs ever. That may be a little unfair. Zynga’s stock actually soared by almost 30%, months after the IPO. It did tank heavily after that, but has since been growing. Zynga now sits at 2-3x higher than when it bottomed. An insider trading lawsuit regarding hiding information in the days leading up to the IPO was settled for $23M. Though given Zynga’s prowess in gaining users and creative marketing, there may still be good things to come

online casino

7. Beyond Meat

The fake meat company which has caused a lot of controversy and outrage by some unsuspecting diners, was once named the best IPO of 2019. Good things don’t last forever. In a single day in July, the stock plunged 8.5% and lost $700M in value. And, that’s despite a 541% return to investors on IPO, Markets Insider also reports the share price has plummeted 16% to 20% in the last month. Far down from the $200 plus price it once commanded. 

8. Unix

According to Seeking Alpha, Unix is one of the worst-performing IPOs in recent history. Its share price fell by over 60%, within 12 months of going public.

9. Greensky

Fintech company Greensky is another fresh IPO that seems to have been doomed from the day it went public. It went from an initial price of almost $25, on a constant nose dive to under $7 since then.

10. Opera

Web browser Opera plunged by over 50% after going public last year, though it has been rebounding in 2019. Certainly, a roller coaster ride.

Ultimately whether it is a round of fundraising or selling your business, if you have an outstanding fundraising consultant or M&A advisor it can really make all the difference. 

About the Author 

Alejandro Cremades

Alejandro Cremades is a serial entrepreneur and the author of The Art of Startup Fundraising. With a foreword by ‘Shark Tank‘ star Barbara Corcoran, and published by John Wiley & Sons, the book was named one of the best books for entrepreneurs. The book offers a step-by-step guide to today‘s way of raising money for entrepreneurs. 

Most recently, Alejandro built and exited CoFoundersLab which is one of the largest communities of founders online. 

Prior to CoFoundersLab, Alejandro worked as a lawyer at King & Spalding where he was involved in one of the biggest investment arbitration cases in history ($113 billion at stake).

Alejandro is an active speaker and has given guest lectures at the Wharton School of Business, Columbia Business School, and at NYU Stern School of Business. 

Alejandro has been involved with the JOBS Act since inception and was invited to the White House and the US House of Representatives to provide his stands on the new regulatory changes concerning fundraising online.

The World is Better Thanks to Cryptocurrency

Cryptocurrency World

Cryptocurrency is a lifeline for hundreds of impoverished communities that don’t have access to stable local currencies, banking, or financial services infrastructure. Many developing countries suffer from rampant inflation due to economic or political instability. Citizens of these countries are often unable to facilitate meaningful exchanges of value with others, leading to further nation-wide economic downturns.

This could explain why cryptocurrency usage has spiked in Lebanon, Turkey, and Venezuela. Venezuela in particular has experienced terrible inflation in recent years, causing some Venezuelan citizens to hold Bitcoin to hedge against future inflationary pressures. Many have even earned cryptocurrency profits as a result.

In addition, many Venezuelan nationals who work in neighboring countries use cryptocurrency to send money back home. This bypasses the need to use third-party service providers for wire transfers, which can often be unreliable or hard to come by in Venezuela, not to mention the fees they charge for transfers.

Cryptocurrency applications and exchanges offer these workers the chance to send money to their families affordably and securely. In fact, this practice, known as remittances, is a common use of cryptocurrency today,

Cryptocurrency for Economic Empowerment Despite Possible Volatility

Cryptocurrency is such an effective technology to enable remittances and economic empowerment of individuals in developing countries because of its decentralized nature. While traditional currencies rely on centralized institutions such as banks and governments to facilitate their use, cryptocurrency relies upon a technological solution known as the blockchain. In simple terms, the blockchain can be thought of as a technological set of checks and balances that executes and verifies peer-to-peer transactions between individuals.

In order to do so, cryptocurrencies aggregate the metadata of their users into data blocks and cross-reference the data of each block against a public ledger that is verified by nodes on the Bitcoin network. While many cryptocurrencies are quite volatile, they can still play an important role in empowering disadvantaged communities. Moreover, new technologies such as Stablecoins are now being developed to hedge against volatility in the crypto markets.

Financial service providers have typically been necessary in the past to certify that transactions between individuals and institutions are legal, legitimate, and verified. Blockchain uses computer code and protocols to fill that same need. That means individuals who might not have access to a bank or financial service provider are still empowered to make transactions and earn cryptocurrency profits or use cryptocurrencies as hedges against inflationary pressures. 

Economic empowerment of the poorest has been one of the fundamental goals of humanitarian organizations.  It allows individuals and communities to lift themselves out of poverty, pursue educational opportunities, and start businesses. The role of cryptocurrency in enabling a secure, decentralized mechanism for transactions may be able to help further this agenda.

Very often, Bitcoin is the cryptocurrency of choice for many of these transactions and it’s easy to see why. Bitcoin is the oldest and most popular cryptocurrency in existence, which leads more people to feel comfortable using it. However, many cryptocurrency users are noticing that Bitcoin is not without its share of drawbacks and are turning to other cryptocurrencies in order to empower themselves economically.

The Benefits of Bitcoin Cash

Bitcoin Cash has emerged as a logical alternative to Bitcoin for empowering communities and enabling efficient and affordable peer-to-peer transactions. To understand why, it’s important to look at some of the most fundamental problems with using Bitcoin for economic empowerment.

One of the primary drawbacks of Bitcoin is that it can suffer from longer waiting times for transactions to be processed and approved. This is because the blockchain that is used to enable Bitcoin was not originally built to handle millions of transactions flowing through its network. 

As more people use Bitcoin to execute transactions, verifying these transactions through Bitcoin’s Proof of Work protocol takes more time. This is a major inconvenience for users who need their funds or their cryptocurrency profits immediately. 

Another way to think about this problem is by framing it in terms of liquidity. In finance, the term liquidity refers to assets that are easily accessible and spendable. Cash is often thought of as the most liquid asset class since it can be made available and spent at any time. 

Liquidity is particularly important for poorer communities since a higher ratio of their net worth is being spent on day-to-day needs, or as an alternative to the banking system. In short, Bitcoin faces a scalability problem that leads to a liquidity problem, which is a major issue for lower net worth users that need liquidity in order to spend on daily necessities and aren’t only focused on cryptocurrency profits.

Bitcoin Cash is a cryptocurrency that found a way to address both the scalability and the liquidity problem. Bitcoin Cash was created through a “hard fork” of the Bitcoin blockchain protocol. That means that it was based on Bitcoin’s code in order to incorporate its many benefits including its security and decentralization. If you want to learn more, Crypto Dispensers has more on Bitcoin Cash in its guide. 

The Promise of Cryptocurrency and Bitcoin Cash

Bitcoin developers and miners saw some of the underlying scalability problems of Bitcoin and wanted to develop a cryptocurrency that offered the liquidity users enjoyed from cash. Thus Bitcoin Cash was born.

To do so, they introduced a series of novel and innovative changes to Bitcoin. The most important of these changes was that they increased the size of data blocks in the blockchain of Bitcoin Cash. This allowed larger numbers of transactions to be verified at once, dramatically reducing transaction processing times and costs.

The breakthroughs of Bitcoin Cash could well provide disadvantaged communities the economic empowerment they need to pursue education, start businesses, and efficiently send money to family and loved ones. That’s why cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin Cash are improving people’s lives and making the world a better, more equitable place every day.

Benefits of New 2022 Online Casino Bonuses

Casino

Are you looking to maximize the fun and payout using the best casino bonuses in the new year? 

New online casino bonuses are being offered to players worldwide during the new year festive to help gamblers get into the generous Christmas mood. Portugal is one of the locations where players enjoy juicy bonuses offered by online casinos in the new year.

If you are ready, let’s dive into Santa’s sack and see what online casinos have to offer for players from Portugal in the new year, according to Martim Nabeiro’s suggestions, the top iGaming expert in Portugal.

New Online Casino Bonuses in Portugal

Online casinos in Portugal offer both new and existing players several bonuses in the new year for the best online games in the market. Besides the regular bonuses, they give out various exciting new year offers. These bonuses come in different forms – free spins, match bonus, welcome bonus, and much more.

These bonuses often come in different styles in the new year. Many casinos in Portugal put out new bonus codes; some give out other mouth-watering perks to celebrate the new season.

Without further ado, let’s go straight into how and why these new bonuses are things to look out for.

Match Bonus

Even though this bonus is a popular welcome bonus in Portugal casinos, they are often rebranded in the new year. A match bonus can help to boost your bankroll and keep you in the game for long.

Besides, the new year is when casinos give this perk in the most extensive form. Players can easily get more than a 100% match bonus, redeemable with a bonus code upon their deposits. 

Some match bonuses don’t even require a bonus code to redeem them. All you need is to indicate your interest, and the bonus will be automatically deposited.

Free Spins

Online casinos in Portugal don’t hesitate to roll out new free spin offers in the new year. You’ll find this at casinos that propose the best bonuses. Since slots are one of the most popular casino games, it’s no wonder that you can easily get a free spin bonus in the new year.

Besides the free spins, casinos also offer free spin rounds on popular slots during the new year. With this, you can win real money without staking a dime. 

A round of free spins is one of the best casino bonuses you can get in Portugal. This new bonus can land you lucky wins that’ll help you start the year on a bright note.

Note that some free spins are activated automatically, while some others require a bonus code for activation.

No Deposit Bonuses

What’s better than the sound of no deposit bonuses? Various new no deposit bonuses are being offered to players in the new year! When you play at casinos com bonus sem deposito, you stand the chance of winning without an initial deposit.

Yet, a no deposit bonus cash often comes in small amounts. You may not get more than €10 in free bonus. Nevertheless, it is a great way to win money without risk at online casinos in Portugal.

You can easily redeem a no deposit bonus using a bonus code (if the casino offers a code) or by simply indicating your interest in the bonus.

New Year Exclusives

This covers every other form of bonus Portuguese casinos give in the new year. This could include special promotions offered for a limited time like weekly cashback and rebates, weekend promotions, crypto bonuses, advent calendars, and many more.

Bonuses like cashback help you to recover part of your losses. Other exclusives are sure to make playing easier and stimulate you to land big wins. You should watch out for new year exclusives while choosing the casino which propose the best bonuses!

Things You Should Do Before Claiming a New Bonus

New bonuses are plentiful. They give us the needed motivation while playing. However, there are certain things you should consider while playing with new bonuses. These factors may include:

  • Wagering requirements
  • Bonus validity period
  • Eligible games
  • Other terms and conditions

Our expert Martin Nabeiro strongly suggests you study these thoroughly so that you can fully maximise the bonus offerings at your favourite online casinos in Portugal. 

Conclusion

You now know more about the best online casino bonuses in Portugal. What’s left is for you to take advantage of these new perks and increase your chances of winning.

How to Live Comfortably on a Small Budget

Small Budget

If you live on a small budget, you’ll know what a struggle finances can be. You may worry about bills, paying back debts, or being able to afford necessary expenses like groceries. However, just because you’re on a tight budget right now, it doesn’t mean you have to live an uncomfortable life. In fact, there are plenty of ways that you can enjoy life. Even better, there are several steps you can take to optimize your money spending and saving right now.

Consider Taking Out Personal Loans

If you have a big purchase you need to make but can’t see how you can afford it right now, then you can consider taking out personal loans. Private lenders offer personal loans for many different purposes, whether to afford an education, automobile, home improvements, moving expenses, or help with credit card debt. There are online personal loans are available with a simple application, where you can get quickly approved compared to filling out an application at a bank or similar financial situation. Once you have to start repaying, you can enjoy flexible terms and little to no fees.

Avoid Pricey Outgoings

Many individuals on a tight budget make the mistake of spending too much on outings with friends. There may be pressure to buy several drinks or splurge on an expensive dinner. Consider looking into free alternatives rather than overspend on a fun night out. You and your friends can enjoy a day in nature, attend free meetups, or have a night in playing board games or streaming movies. A good time doesn’t have to mean a high price tag.

Use What You Already Have

Investing in kitchen supplies can save you an enormous amount of money in the long run. Though kitchen items like a nice coffee machine and new pots and pans may seem expensive at first, they save you from having to spend tremendously on food outside the home. Even better, you can sharpen your barista and cooking skills and make healthier alternatives to what you may have when you go out. There is an endless number of online recipes to gain inspiration from and have fun with.

Take Advantage of Reward Programs and Applications

It is no secret that everyone can benefit from having a budget, and fortunately, plenty of reward programs and smartphone apps help you save a few bucks every month. For instance, you can use cashback apps to earn money on every grocery trip. Alternatively, your credit card may have a rewards program for every purchase, which you can then use for other purchases or for help paying back your credit card over time. Online coupon sites can also help shave a few dollars off of online buys.

Change Vacation Plans

If you crave a nice break from your everyday routine, you can plan a vacation that won’t break the bank. You can consider a staycation, where you stay somewhere in your hometown, cutting down travel expenses. You can also coupon sites like Groupon to find local or nearby discounts on fun events, activities, or travel days with your community.

Compare NFTs vs. Cryptocurrency vs. Digital Currency

Cryptocurrency

The world today is shifting from traditional wallets to digital wallets — software-based programs that securely save user payment information. Digital wallets can hold digital currency as well as cryptocurrency.

Digital currency is the electronic form of currency coins and notes that can be stored in a digital wallet. A user can turn digital currency into cash by withdrawing cash from a bank or ATM. The encrypted form of digital currency is called cryptocurrency. This uses blockchain technology and doesn’t depend on financial institutions to verify transactions. There are also nonfungible tokens (NFTs), one-of-a-kind digital assets that represent real-world items. NFTs are different from digital currency and cryptocurrency. The following is a closer look at NFTs, cryptocurrency, and digital currency and the differences between them.

What are nonfungible tokens?

Nonfungible tokens are unique digital assets representing real-world items, such as photos, music, videos, and trading cards. They are managed in a digital ledger and bought and sold online. For example, rather than purchasing an actual photograph to display on a wall, the buyer receives an original digital file. Nearly any digital asset, such as a piece of collectible digital characters, virtual real estate, or original social media posts, can be created and purchased as an NFT.

Nonfungible means NFTs aren’t mutually interchangeable. Every NFT is different, setting it apart from fungible tokens, such as cryptocurrency, that can be exchanged for one another.

NFTs are attached to specific values with certificates of authenticity, which means that the digital assets can’t be exchanged or replaced with one another because each NFT exists on a decentralized digital platform that’s based on blockchain technology.

Every transaction on a blockchain is written to a digital ledger, which publicly records each NFT transaction to substantiate who owns the item. Most NFTs exist on the blockchain of the Ethereum cryptocurrency. Like Bitcoin, the Ethereum blockchain creates permanent digital records of every transaction that uses that cryptocurrency. It also creates an indisputable ledger of all the NFT transactions. 

The NFT creator keeps the copyright for the item and the right to copy it as many times as they want. Although the creator may create numerous copies of the original, if the buyer of the NFT wants to make copies of the item, they must get permission from the creator — and each copy is considered a unique NFT. 

NFTs are sold in collaboration with auction houses or in NFT marketplaces, such as:

  • NBA Top Shot, an online marketplace that runs on the Flow blockchain where users can bid on, purchase, and sell digital highlights of NBA players. An NBA Top Shot video featuring LeBron James honoring Kobe Bryant sold for close to $400,000.
  • OpenSea, a peer-to-peer marketplace implemented on the Ethereum blockchain for NFTs, virtual collectibles, and rare digital items.
  • Rarible, an open marketplace secured with the Ethereum blockchain that lets artists and creators issue and sells NFTs.
  • SuperRare, a digital art marketplace powered by the Ethereum blockchain where people can buy and sell NFTs from top artists.
  • Known Origin, an artist-driven platform that runs on the Ethereum blockchain where digital creators can authenticate, show and sell their collectibles and artwork.
  • Decentraland Marketplace, a decentralized virtual reality platform powered by the Ethereum blockchain where users can create, experience and make money on what they build and what they own.
  • Arkane Market, a digital collectibles marketplace for general collectors and gamers. Arkane Market is based on the Binance smart chain and the Ethereum and Polygon blockchains.

What is cryptocurrency?

Cryptocurrency is the encrypted form of digital currency that doesn’t depend on financial institutions to verify transactions. Cryptocurrency is stored in a digital wallet. This peer-to-peer system, which works using blockchain technology, enables anyone to send and receive payments. When an individual transfers cryptocurrency, the transactions are recorded in a public ledger. Several organizations have issued their own cryptocurrencies — often referred to as tokens — which allow people to trade specifically for the product or service that a company provides. An individual must exchange real currency for cryptocurrency to purchase the product or service.

Examples of popular cryptocurrencies include:

  • Bitcoin, a cryptocurrency created in 2009. People can buy and sell bitcoins using different currencies in marketplaces called bitcoin exchanges.
  • Ethereum, a blockchain-based software platform that enables developers to create smart contracts and distributed applications. The cryptocurrency of the Ethereum network is ether.
  • Litecoin, an open-source, peer-to-peer cryptocurrency that lets people transact payments without a bank or other third party.
  • Tether, a stable coin whose price is directly tied to the value of the fiat currency it represents, such as the U.S. dollar, the Euro, or the yen. This is unlike Bitcoin and Ethereum, whose prices fluctuate considerably.

What is digital currency?

Digital currency is the electronic form of currency coins and bills that can be stored in a digital wallet. A user can turn digital currency into cash by withdrawing cash from a bank or ATM.

Although digital currency doesn’t have a physical equivalent in the real world, it does have the same characteristics as traditional money. An individual can obtain, transfer or exchange digital currency for another currency. A person can use digital currency to pay for goods and services. Digital currency transactions can be sent from any location in the world to any other location.

A central bank digital currency (CBDC) is a centralized digital currency that a country’s central bank issues and oversees. A CBDC uses a digital token or electronic record to represent the electronic form of a country’s fiat currency. Although no country has yet launched a central bank-backed digital currency officially, some central banks, including a group of state-run banks in China, have launched pilot programs and research projects to determine if CBDCs are viable. The United States Federal Reserve is also exploring developing its own digital currency.

The types of digital currency systems are:

  • Central bank-backed digital currency system
  • Price-stabilized cryptocurrencies, i.e., stablecoins
  • Non-stabilized cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin

‘Squid Game’ Highlights Plight of South Korean Workers Sacrificed for Nation’s Economic Gain

Squid-Game

By Greg Sharzer & Sudol Kang

Critics have noted that Squid Game is a critique of capitalism and inequality. Creator Hwang Dong-Hyuk has said it’s about how people go deeply into debt to survive.

Squid Game addresses this problem in an escapist, dystopian tale, suggesting the extreme lengths people might go to in order to rid themselves of debt.

As one of us argues in research about neoliberalism, escapism and seeking utopia, the tension between the traumatic experience of work and the need to survive prompts escapism, precisely because escape from wage labour is impossible for most people.

Squid Game alludes to the actual violence of South Korean labour history, as well as the need to overcome real inequalities of income and living conditions, in South Korea and globally.

Questioning capitalism

Many people were questioning capitalism before Squid Game debuted in September.

Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, just over 2,000 billionaires controlled the same amount of wealth as the 4.6 billion people who constitute 60 per cent of our global population. During the pandemic, American billionaires added US$2.1 trillion to their hoard.

In Squid Game‘s first episode, protagonist Seong Gi-Hun signs away his organs to pay his loan sharks. The show has spotlighted how South Koreans have extraordinarily high levels of personal debt, brought on by a toxic combination of unemployment, easy loans and high interest rates.

Sacrifice of workers for economic gain

In The Wealth of Nations, 18th-century economist Adam Smith argued that property rights require state protection because they create resentment among the “have-nots.” Many political scientists since, such as Cornelia Beyer, have explored how poverty and exclusion lead to crime and social breakdown.

These tensions can be observed in the plight of South Korean workers sacrificed for the nation’s push for economic prosperity.

Labour historian Chun Soonok writes how in the 1970s, in the textile district of Seoul’s Peace Market, girls as young as 14 were crammed together in tiny rooms working non-stop amid dust, noxious chemicals and physical abuse from supervisors.

Detail-from-cover
Detail from cover of ‘They Are Not Machines: Korean Women Workers and their Fight for Democratic Trade Unionism in the 1970s’ by Chun Soonuk. (Routledge)

Chun’s book, They Are Not Machines: Korean Women Workers and their Fight for Democratic Trade Unionism in the 1970s, relays how the modern South Korean labour movement emerged from women’s leadership in this period.

Worker abuses famously led Chun’s older brother, activist Tae-Il, to self-immolate in protest, an act that sparked the modern South Korean labour movement. Workers first joined official unions and later formed their own, independent organizations.

Pro-labour, democracy movements

This labour organizing was suffused with violence. Chun details police and strikebreaker attacks on factory sit-ins in the 1970s and 1980 when there were state-led torture and killings of workers and activists. As sociologist Paul Y. Chang demonstrates, in the 1970s, there were over 1,000 arrests, 130 forced firings, 348 acts of violence, six kidnappings and two killings.

In 1975, the South Korean state imprisoned and tortured 23 people they accused of violating the National Security Law, executing eight of them the day after their convictions.

This repression continued in the state’s response to pro-democracy movements during the 1980s, from the 1980 Gwangju Uprising to the 1987 June Democracy Movement. In 1987, police waterboarded student activist Park Jong-Chol to death.

May 18 Democracy Square
Performers sing during a ceremony marking the 40th anniversary of the May 18 Democratic Uprising at May 18 Democracy Square in Gwangju, South Korea, in May 2020. (Jung Yeon-je/Pool Photo via AP)

Wave of mass strikes

The demands for political liberalization by the democracy movement led directly to the “Great Worker Struggle,” a wave of mass strikes that formed 4,000 new unions with 700,000 new union members, as sociologist Hagen Koo explains.

Despite victories, including unions gaining recognition and the relaxation of harsh workplace disciplinary measures, state repression of the labour movement continued. In April 1989, Koo writes, police launched a military-style attack on striking Hyundai Heavy Industries workers in Ulsan, using boats, helicopters and 15,000 riot police.

In 1991, the president of Hanjin Heavy Industries Workers’ Union died while being questioned by police in prison.

This systemic violence evolved in the neoliberal era. Sociologist Lee Yoonkyung shows how chaebols, South Korea’s family-run conglomerates, fund their subcontractors to hire union-busting private security firms, particularly against the Metal Unions Federation, the country’s strongest union grouping.

Squid Game refers to this history when Gi-hun is revealed to be an ex-worker at Dragon Motors — a reference to real-life South Korean automaker Ssangyong Motors.

Workers from Ssangyong Motors fought forced early retirement and termination in 2009. Lee notes that their defeat plunged many into depression and that eight workers died by suicide.

Striking Workers
Striking workers of Ssangyong Motors Co. are seen during a rally against management’s restructuring plan at the Ssangyong Motors factory in Pyeongtaek, South Korea, in July 2009. (AP Photo/Lee Jin-man)

Poverty and inequality gathering pace

Squid Game‘s director, Hwang Dong-hyuk, had the series in development for more than 10 years and he was unsure of how the series could be received. He notes that today, “violent survival stories are actually welcomed.”

Today’s world is marked by rising inequality; as sociologist Hagen Koo shows, by 2016, “Korea’s ratio of income for the top 10 per cent to the bottom 10 per cent was 4.78,” very close to that of the United States (4.89), the highest of nations in the The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.

This final conflict, when VIPs watch Gi-hun and Sang-woo’s final battle from the safety of a viewing box, mirrors capitalism’s survival game, where owners rationalize their production processes and lay off workers. The fight to save costs and raise profits sends the system into periodic convulsions. This was seen in 2008’s global economic crisis, when working people were victims.

In the final episode of Season 1, Gi-hun leaves a case full of cash for Sang-woo’s mother, with the proviso that she care for Sae-byeok’s young brother. While touching, it implied hopelessness; even if all the contestants survived, they couldn’t ease the low wages and high debt of South Korea’s workers.

Change, not escapism

Squid Game hints that individual solutions to poverty and debt are insufficient: workers are subject to the whims of the labour market and economic crises.

Upcoming national strikes are being planned by the Korean Confederation of Trade Unions against precarious employment. Activists are pushing for union organizing rights and for better working conditions.

These reforms are necessary for a front-line defence of living conditions. But they are only a step towards changing the problems with neoliberalism: as long as wages, housing and other essentials are bought and sold on the market, the inequalities Squid Game vividly portrays will continue.

This article was first published in The Conversation on November 31, 2021. It can be accessed here: https://theconversation.com/squid-game-highlights-plight-of-south-korean-workers-sacrificed-for-nations-economic-gain-170441

About the Authors

Greg SharzerGreg Sharzer has many years of experience teaching and researching in South Korea and Canada and is the author of “Late Escapism and Contemporary Neoliberalism: Alienation, Work and Utopia” (Routledge 2021) and “No Local: Why Small-Scale Alternatives Won’t Change the World” (Zero 2012).

Sudol KangSudol Kang Bachelor and Master in Management at Seoul National University, Korea (1981-1986)
Dr. rer. pol. in Labor & Human Relations at Bremen University, Germany (1989-1994). 
Research Fellow at Korea Labor Institute (1995-1996)
Assistant Prof. at Korea University (1997-2000)
Associate Prof. at Korea University (2001-2004)
Prof. at Korea University (2005-2021)
Prof. emeritus at Korea University since September 2021.

The Secret to South Korea’s COVID Success? Combining High Technology with the Human Touch

South-Korea

By Choon Key Chekar, Joshua Moon & Michael Hopkins

According to the recent House of Commons report on the UK’s pandemic response, one of the government’s key failings was to assume that the success of countries like South Korea in controlling the virus couldn’t be replicated in Britain. This decision to ignore approaches that were proving successful elsewhere was one of the UK’s biggest oversights early in the pandemic.

However, the report itself falls into a similar trap. It regards South Korea’s pandemic response as exceptional due to its advanced use of digital technology, ignoring the fact that the country also relied a lot on old-fashioned social interventions – contact tracing, quarantine and isolating cases – aided by boots on the ground.

To combat COVID and future pandemics, governments need to heed the lessons of these social interventions and not just the technological ones. South Korea teaches us that high-tech solutions can help protect against disease, but these work together with social interventions – interventions that the UK has not used as effectively.

What a world-beating system looks like

The UK government had the ambition of creating a “world-beating” test-trace-isolate system. Yet the House of Commons report concludes that England’s system has produced little effect, despite great expense. Other countries too have not been able to contain COVID sufficiently without resorting to draconian lockdowns. However, South Korea has been regularly cited as an exception.

While South Korea has had to introduce some control measures to limit the spread of the virus – there have been curfews for businesses and limits on the size of gatherings in 2021 – it has avoided full lockdowns and border closures while keeping cumulative confirmed COVID cases relatively low. It’s worth remembering that South Korea is one of the world’s most densely populated large countries.

Cumulative Confirmed Covid Cases

Key to this has been quarantine measures for travellers arriving in the country, which were introduced very swiftly, and the country’s highly effective test-trace-isolate system. This carefully designed process provides local support for those in isolation, while monitoring them and sanctioning non-compliance.

Yes, mobile phone data and other forms of surveillance have been used to trace people who might have the virus. But once a positive case is confirmed, it is human intervention that ensures those people don’t spread the virus further.

A case officer from the local council is assigned to work with affected households. They communicate with infected people throughout the self-isolation period. After initially making contact over the phone to inform people of the need to self-isolate and the guidelines to follow, case officers then deliver a stay-at-home kit as discreetly as possible to protect the person’s privacy.

This local council-funded kit contains essentials that prevent the person from needing to go out. They receive food, drink, bin liners, a thermometer for monitoring their condition, and face masks and hand sanitiser to help prevent further infection. Kits can also be tailored, for instance, to include certain foods or medications – and even pet food.

People Self Isolating
People self-isolating are cared for individually – even being enabled to vote in person at COVID-secure polling stations. Jeon Heon-Kyun/EPA-EFE

The case officer is the infected person’s primary point of contact, providing advice and support over the 14 days of self-isolation. Again, technology plays a role here. A smartphone app can be used by the case officer to monitor the person’s self-reported symptoms and to make sure (via GPS) they aren’t breaking quarantine. But its influence shouldn’t be overstated. The app is mandatory, but those who don’t own a smartphone are still able to get support via phone calls and text messages.

People self-isolating can contact their case worker when extra support is needed, for instance, with urgent daily business such as banking or pet care. Because the relationship works both ways, this encourages compliance through the creation of a social bond. The comprehensive and individualised support given to those isolating primarily ensures compliance by removing barriers rather than punishing infractions.

The need to address the loss of income that self-isolating people face was also identified early on, with modest payments of up to $US374 (£270) made easily available.

The effectiveness of these interventions is clear: published data suggests non-compliance with self-isolation rules has been extremely low in South Korea throughout the pandemic. Those who do break the rules risk losing the financial support that the government provides.

Not breaking the rules has also been encouraged as a social norm through daily reporting in the media on the number of people not adhering to isolation. Generally, this is no more than four people a day – in a country of 55 million.

Lessons as yet unlearned

The South Korean experience reveals just how effective locally delivered and individually tailored self-isolation systems can be. But rather than seeking to replicate South Korean success, politicians, experts and the media in the west have repeatedly suggested that this performance is based on intrusive data-surveillance techniques enabled by a compliant national culture that cannot be replicated in their countries.

Airport
The UK was slow to broadly apply measures such as mandatory quarantine for travellers. Yonhap/EPA-EFE

The House of Commons report suggests that if the UK were to try to emulate South Korea, the lessons to be learned concern the use of high-tech surveillance systems and comprehensive digital contact tracing. This misses out many of the core elements of South Korea’s pandemic response that help make sure people isolate and quarantine as needed.

Focusing on technologies to adopt in the future ignores the more immediately transferable lessons on how to break chains of infection in a fast-moving pandemic. It is about time we acknowledged that comprehensive, “shoe-leather” public health systems should be the bedrock of containing current and future disease outbreaks. Much of what has worked in South Korea is exceptional only in that other countries – such as the UK – have made no effort to replicate it.

This article was first published in The Conversation on October 22, 2021. It can be accessed here: https://theconversation.com/the-secret-to-south-koreas-covid-success-combining-high-technology-with-the-human-touch-170045

About the Authors

Choon Key ChekarChoon Key Chekar is a Senior Research Associate at Division of Health Research, within Lancaster University’s Faculty of Health and Medicine, currently working on ways to strengthen the equity focus in public and population health research. 

Joshua R MoonJoshua Moon is a Research Fellow at the Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU) in the University of Sussex Business School. Moon is a mixed-methods, interdisciplinary researcher working at the intersection of Global Health Policy and Science and Technology Studies. Moon’s work concerns how global and national systems learn from their experiences in epidemics and how international scientific collaborations achieve societal goals.

Michael HopkinsMichael Hopkins is a biologist with subsequent degrees in Technology and Innovation Management (MSc with Distinction), and Science and Technology Policy (D.Phil).

He currently is principal investigator and co-investigator on interdisciplinary research projects employing mixed-method approaches to understand innovation processes in complex inter-organisational contexts.

David Malcolm, Long-Time San Diego Resident, Honored to Help Develop America’s Finest City

San-Diego---California-city

The beautiful San Diego, California, is a place that has been dubbed “America’s Finest City.” Community leader and long-time San Diego County resident, David Malcolm, has witnessed the city’s transformation over the years and contributed to its development and community service programs, playing a role in the community’s current vibrancy.

According to the United States Census Bureau’s 2020 data, the City of San Diego continues to be the eighth-most populous city in America with a population of 1,386,932, which is a 6.1 percent increase from data collected in 2010. 

Malcolm says several forces drive San Diego’s steady population and job growth, including quality of life and weather. 

“Most people enjoy living in San Diego due to the quality of life,” said David Malcolm. “I believe that quality of life starts with a great job. Not only one that is financially rewarding but also emotionally rewarding. San Diego offers opportunities that most communities only dream of acquiring. If you add the best weather in the United States to quality of life in employment, you have created a community that very few will want to leave.”

San-Diego---California

In addition to choosing San Diego as a forever home, Malcolm has reaped the reward of planting his business roots into the community’s soil with over four decades of work experience. The real estate expert fueled his passion through professional progress and an uncompromising work ethic, starting his career earning his real estate license while still in high school. Since then, he has managed multiple complex real estate, development, and financial transactions and holds the highest professional commercial real estate designation, CCIM – Certified Commercial Investment Member.

With a history deeply embedded in the San Diego community, David Malcolm is well versed in the different sectors that bring life to America’s Finest City.

“If you think of communications, you think of a San Diego-based company called Qualcomm. In the life science field, you find Illumina headquartered in San Diego. You can find nuclear submarines, aircraft carriers, air bases, Navy SEALs, and over one hundred support ships on the military side. Suppliers to the military have created hundreds of thousands of high-paying jobs. San Diego’s beaches, Zoo, Safari Park, SeaWorld, the Midway Museum (the most visited aircraft carrier museum in the United States) not only drive conventions and visitors to San Diego but help keep people wanting to live in San Diego,” said Malcolm. 

San-Diego---California-view

Malcolm’s financial talents heavily influenced development at San Diego’s notable landmarks, such as the South County Olympic Training Center. While serving as a Chula Vista City Councilmember, Malcolm obtained a one-million-dollar donation from Conrad Hilton for the facility’s beginning stages of construction. In addition, during his tenure, Castle Park and Otay became a part of the city’s largest annexation in California history.

Beginning in 1989, the entrepreneur provided jobs for over one thousand workers in the San Diego area through his forty-plus Rally’s Hamburger stores. Malcolm currently serves as President of Cal West Apartments, Inc., a trusted provider of quality rental housing in San Diego and South Riverside counties. 

The profitable growth brought to San Diego County from its local organizations allows the city to continue thriving despite the COVID-19 pandemic and supply chain disruption. One of these organizations is Amazon, which is on its way to being San Diego’s largest employer and a driver of new construction. The American multinational technology company recently opened a new building in the Otay Mesa area of San Diego that spreads out over 3,000,000 square feet. 

“Amazon realized that San Diego isn’t just San Diego, but it includes an area across the border called Tijuana. San Diego is often underestimated. We have all heard of ‘Dallas/Fort Worth,’ but few people outside of our county ever say ‘San Diego/Tijuana,'” said Malcolm.

Another exciting transformation taking place this year in San Diego is at one of the most convenient large-city airports found in the United States. Malcolm pointed out that for a great city to flourish, there must be a modern, efficient airport, and San Diego International Airport lives up to its standards, annually adding $12 billion to the city’s economy and currently undergoing a major improvement project.

Times of San Diego reported that the San Diego International Airport recently awarded a $2.3 billion contract to replace Terminal 1, updating its thirty gates from the 1960s. A second phase is scheduled to occur in 2027, which includes the addition of eleven new gates. 

“San Diego has created many significant transformational venues over the last several decades,” said Malcolm. “In every direction you look, South, North, East, or West, you can see exciting innovation in America’s Finest City. It is no wonder people like me have no desire to leave.”

About David Malcolm

David Malcolm of San Diego is an influential real estate professional, entrepreneur, and community leader with over four decades of work experience. Mr. Malcolm is an esteemed graduate of Harvard Business School’s Presidents Program, a licensed real estate agent and broker, and a Certified Commercial Investment Member (CCIM). He has run and advised multiple public and private companies and held several municipal and statewide public offices.

Cryptocurrency or Stocks: Which Should You Invest In? 

money

A balanced investment portfolio includes a spread of assets like real estate, stocks, bonds, and even speculative investments like cryptocurrency. It may be a wild ride when we talk about dealing with stocks, but its extremes are nothing compared to the irregular movement in crypto. Understanding the nature of each of these assets will help you achieve your goal as an investor. Let us help you see the crucial characteristics of crypto and stock before you start investing.

Regulation

Regulations alongside laws are there to protect investors and their assets. With the Great Depression in 1929, the Securities and Exchange Commission was established to impose investment laws. It required disclosure of all company information that can affect the value of their stock in the market. It also means that a central body (meaning a government) controls the movement of stocks. 

In comparison, cryptocurrencies are unregulated. By extension, it is decentralized. This makes it more desirable to a lot of investors. However, while it is unregulated by any government, this system leaves crypto investors vulnerable to a market crash.

Volatility

There is always a high risk of volatility when it comes to both crypto and stock. While the stock market has been known for its wild fluctuations, financial reports on stock are set to be made public. This gives an investor a window to make sound purchasing decisions. 

If you think the stock market has enough roller-coaster going on, then you should know that the cryptocurrency market has an outrageous, more volatile state. Most of the time, these fluctuations come with no warning. So much so that Cryptoner, a trusted source that publishes guides and news about cryptocurrency, says that investors often limit the presence of digital currency to 5% in their portfolio.  

Ownership 

Stocks are viewed as an ownership right. It means that when people invest in stocks, they are accorded a percentage of ownership in the company. Ownership does not change unless the investor sells their portion. 

In the digital currency market, anyone can set up their own. A person is allocated with tokens such as Bitcoin and Etherium. These tokens do not represent any legal stake in the organization that issued them.

Security

Since stocks are regulated by the government, it goes through a yearly audit and strict scrutiny. Because of this, the chances of stocks being subjected to fraudulence is low. As opposed to a digital currency that is unregulated by a central body, even a simple scam can cost you all your digital coins. 

Time of trade 

Traditional exchanges have trading sessions which means that transactions can only be done during a specific time of the day. This also means that any real-time incident between trading hours has no real effect on the market, but there can be major adjustments when the market re-opens. As for cryptocurrency, exchanges happen 24/7 and you have to be updated now and then because even small infractions can have an instant reaction.

Final Thoughts

If you are looking for different diversity in your portfolio, then go ahead and add speculative investment. That is, if you are comfortable with the risk of losing money every time it fluctuates. However, if you are the kind of person who prefers a more stable bulk on their portfolio, then you can go ahead and invest in stocks.

Pros and Cons of a Career in Tax Accountancy

Tax Accountancy

Choosing a career path is a major step and can feel quite overwhelming for some people. In order to stand out in today’s job market, you need to make sure you have a specialized set of skills that employers are looking for.

For those who want to establish a career in business management, a job as an accountant can be quite beneficial. A career in accountancy offers a stable job with a high pay scale, and there is always a high demand for accountants in the job market.

However, like any job, it comes with its own pros and cons. It’s important to understand the good and bad sides of opting for a job in this field before making your final decision. With the help of this guide, you’ll be able to figure out if becoming an accountant will be the right choice for you.

Skills Needed to Become an Accountant

Your specialized knowledge as an accountant can be used in a wide variety of fields, like tax or private equity. Good accountants have an eye for detail, numerical skills, the ability to manage time, analytical skills, and strong communication skills. They also have a good grasp of the laws of the state and how to apply them.

Studying For the Job

To obtain these skills, people often pursue an MBA accounting program to become a qualified Chartered Accountant. A degree in chartered accountancy prepares them for the sort of daily tasks they can expect as an accountant. This can include anything from analyzing the expenditure and revenue of a company to preparing reports, budgets, and forecasts with that data.

An MBA in accounting teaches the students how to identify where a company can save money and collate financial information and present it to the management. It instills the knowledge and confidence needed to provide the company with financial advice that can direct and regulate spending habits.

The Pros

If you have a passion for the law and an aptitude for finance, you certainly will benefit from a career in tax accounting. This comes with a set of advantages.

Let’s look at a few.

1. Competitive Salaries

One of the main reasons people pursue this field is due to its stability and high pay. Entry-level jobs can earn you an average of $69,000 per year, while those with an MBA in Accounting report an average yearly salary of $91,000. Accounting is a lucrative career path for those that wish to live comfortably and support their families. Companies such as Intuit offer a variety of extra income accounting jobs that allow seasoned tax professionals to make even more money in a remote work environment.

2. Job Market Demands

It’s always a smart idea to aim for a career in a job market where the hiring rate is higher. The job market has a significant demand for professional accountants, making this the perfect choice for ambitious candidates. Not only do you have several potential employers to choose from, but you also have room for upward growth over your career.

3. Work Where You Want

No matter the country, everyone has to pay taxes, which means there’s a need for tax accountants all over the globe. You can work in both the private and public sectors—and after completing your education, you’d be able to pick whichever city you want to settle down in freely, thanks to this sought-after position. Whether you want to live in upstate New York or the beaches of the West Coast, you’ll be able to find work as an accountant as almost all people wish to find a tax accountant near me.

4. Creates Entrepreneurial Skills

A lot of people have the dream of being their own boss one day. A career in accounting certainly provides you with the chance to save enough capital to launch your own venture one day. It also gives you the needed skills to run your own firm. Moreover, while you’re working for another company, you would liaise with internal and external auditors. This is a chance to network and build connections in the industry for when you open your own accounting firm.

5. Become an expert in your niche

Accountancy has a wide umbrella of subcategories and if something interests you, then you can become an expert in your field. Take lease accounting for example, lease accounting has changed significantly in the past few years with new standards being implemented for both international and US-based accounting. ASC 842 is the new lease accounting standard for US GAAP. If you become an expert in lease accounting you’d give yourself an edge over more generic knowledge-based accountants. Focusing on a niche within accountancy will always benefit your career long-term.

The Cons

No career is perfect, and there are a few downsides to being an accountant as well. You need to weigh both the pros and the cons before making your final decision.

1. Highly Stressful Work Environment

A career in accounting is not for the faint of heart. As you might be responsible for the finances of a company or private individuals, you have very little room for error. Any mistakes you make can lead to significant losses and can even result in legal trouble. You need to make sure you can handle the stress before you decide on this career path.

2. Constant Learning

The industry is constantly changing, and you might need to continue getting an education even after an MBA. Accountants have to obtain different certificates and qualifications after completing their primary education to remain competitive and move up the career ladder. It can take a lot of time and effort to obtain these credentials, but they can help you gain expertise.

3. Dull, Repetitive Work

While accountants can have stable jobs, the work is often perceived as boring by most people. Accountants tend to spend long hours sitting behind a desk and crunching numbers. This is fine if you’re already interested in math and investigative thinking, but it can be dull to others. You need to make sure you’re not looking for something glamorous or exciting from your day job if you choose a career in accounting.

4. Irregular Hours

Accounting comes with a busy season, which usually starts a few months before the end of the fiscal year. It can be quite hard to maintain a healthy work-life balance during this busy season. Most tax accountants work late into the evening and even on weekends to meet with clients during this time. This can not only affect social life but personal life as well. The long hours hunched over a computer can also lead to poor health.

Final Thoughts

Any job or degree comes with tradeoffs, and after reading this guide, you’d have a better idea of whether or not a career as an accountant is right for you. On the one hand, there is excellent pay and a booming job market, along with the chance to engage your legal and numerical skills; on the other hand, there is a high-stress work environment doing the sort of work most people might call boring.

Your lifestyle, priorities, and personality will determine whether this is the correct career path for you. If the pros outweigh the cons, in your opinion, you can start looking into MBA programs to get yourself started on this journey.

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