Operation Midnight Hammer: A Mistake or a Risky Sensible Decision?

July 4, 2025

GBU-57A/B Massive Ordnance Penetrator (MOP) bunker buster bomb
Public Domain

At approximately 2:10 Iran Standard Time (IRST) on June 22, 2025, U.S. B-2 Spirit bombers dropped one dozen 13,600 kg GBU-57 (bunker buster) bombs on Iran’s nuclear enrichment facilities. Tomahawk cruise missiles were launched earlier from a submarine, striking Iran’s nuclear technology center, a decision of enormous consequential risk, not only for the Middle East and America but for the world at risk of a tenth member joining the nuclear club. Could the bombing stop Iran’s nuclear intentions or brazen its leader to move faster to the finish? The answers are under debate.

Nuclear weapons anywhere and in the control of anyone are a threat to everywhere and everyone on our planet. Existence of even a single nuclear weapon is a continuing danger for humanity as a whole.

– Ambassador Anwarul K. Chowdhury
UN Under-Secretary-General (2002-7)

Donald Trump’s logistics problem is that he sees every negotiation as a simple real estate business deal

How should one address the events of the past few days, weeks, and months of Middle East confrontations, in particular the U.S. bombing of Iran, labeled “Operation Midnight Hammer”, that supposedly aimed at ending that country’s ongoing nuclear weapon advancement? I neither support nor condone the bombing. The issue for me is that Donald Trump’s logistics problem is that he sees every negotiation as a simple real estate business deal, even floating notions of a risky Iran regime change. If his fanciful notions of regime change or instability transpire, the outcome could be better or, more likely, worse, because Iran has a tightly controlled government. Even if Trump follows his other fantasy ideas – his deal to lift some sanctions and access to Iran’s frozen assets and offer billions in investments for non-enrichment nuclear programs – it will not work without vigilant monitoring of the International Atomic Energy Agency.

For most of my articles on war, I have been treating the field abstractly, trying to avoid specific wars, unless they stand as contextual examples. I attempt to filter the political components of war from the core understanding of what makes, continues, and ends a war. The difficulty is that, in essence, all wars are political, yet possibly advanced by primordial body-brain waves of amino acid entanglements, drawn to the grip of the animalistic fight. Watch lion cubs play by fierce wrestling with their siblings. Like the human child throwing sand at another in the sandbox, lions play for their future call in the wild. War is no different than invented brutal gladiator sports, with cheerleaders for or against a side. It is the unfortunate part we play as being human.

When a columnist such as I writes about a war in progress, the difficulty is keeping up with the news. So, here I am, hearing the pings on my laptop that loudly call attention to the breaking CNN news that Iran fired missiles aimed at U.S. bases in Qatar and Iraq. A few hours later, there is an announcement of a ceasefire between Iran and Israel. Trump announced that Iran and Israel “fully agreed” to a “Complete and Total CEASEFIRE,” and yet, minutes later, Israel claims that Iran broke the ceasefire by launching missiles targeting Be’er Sheva, the fourth-most-populous metropolitan area of Israel. Now, it seems that the Iran / Israel ceasefire is holding with cautious hope, though Tehran asserts it will not give up its nuclear program. Following that, there was a U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) report leak contradicting Trump, confessing that the bombing had not halted Iran’s nuclear program but rather set it back only a few months. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has no reports of off-site radiation. Rafael Grossi, Director General of the IAEA, says Iran’s highly enriched uranium is likely to have been packed in concealed containers and moved to an undisclosed location before the bombings.^[1] On June 26, Trump denied that, writing on his Truth Social, “The cars and small trucks at the site were those of concrete workers trying to cover up the top of the shafts. Nothing was taken out of the facility. Would take too long, too dangerous, and very heavy and hard to move!” ^[2] One day later, Grossi claims in an interview with Margaret Brennan on CBS Face The Nation, “The capacities they have are there. They can have, you know, in a matter of months, I would say, a few cascades of centrifuges spinning and producing enriched uranium, or less than that. But as I said, frankly speaking, one cannot claim that everything has disappeared and there is nothing there.” ^[3]

So, it is likely that Iran’s nuclear equipment and facilities were not completely destroyed and that its stocks of highly enriched uranium are in storage somewhere not touched by the U.S. bombings. Even the DIA agrees. Next came other reports from a different U.S. intelligence agency suggesting that the impact was severe. How are we to understand any of this when, minute by minute, we encounter contradictions? And so, with pressured truths or impulsive vagaries hitting the news while avoiding evidence, I wait for more information that comes slowly in mini-paragraphs that tell almost nothing. Even the most seasoned experts on those matters have antipodal opinions. In time, we will learn the truth surrounding the effects of the U.S. bombing and whether the shaky ceasefire will hold or break as most ceasefires do. Though the extent of the damage question is debatable, the newest classified briefings acknowledge that the U.S. strikes did not eliminate all of the Iranian nuclear materials; however, it walked back Trump boasting, “spectacular military success,” and that complete and total obliteration was never part of the mission.

When reported facts change by the hour, it is almost impossible to compile accurate and reliable information and relay objective commentary

Reporters report current events factually, and so do columnists. The difference is that a columnist is a specialist with connections to higher levels of issue-focused expertise and analysis. Their journalism consists of commentaries that relay explanations, opinions, and interpretations from layers of professional specialized intelligence writings and years of anticipatory assessments. War is complicated. We have competent expert reporters who gather, translate, and compress the stories they hear and learn to provide objective observation about newsworthy events, but it is not their job to predict the consequences of any actions that could go wrong in an ongoing war. Predicting is a job for primary experts; mine is to comprehend, compound, and clarify those expert points of view. When reported facts change by the hour, it is almost impossible to compile accurate and reliable information and relay objective commentary, especially when the only direct sources are coming from government agencies that lock their assessments of events in classified information. In this case, two agencies have classified information that is contradictory.

“Suggestion, folks: it is the middle of the night in Iran. We have no battle damage assessment. We have a tweet. We will know more things soon and likely not know things for a while longer. Asking questions is fair, but answers fleeting. Hot takes exciting but not diagnostic.”^[4]

Richard Nephew, Senior Research Scholar at Columbia University at the Center on Global Energy Policy

Nephew’s Foreign Affairs January 2025 article “A Last Chance for Iran” reckons there are serious risks in trading negotiations for bombings. It probes what could happen if a future attack on Iran’s nuclear subterranean tunnels is not successful. That a bombing did happen, it is difficult to believe a president who claims the U.S. bombing was a “spectacular military success” and “completely and totally obliterated” Iran’s nuclear enrichment facilities after Donald Trump made 30,573 false or misleading claims as president, according to The Washington Post.^[5] There are substantial risks, both for a diplomatic agreement and a military strike that might cause a long war with a country that has significant military resources, including proxy combatants who will do Iran’s terrorist bidding without the loss of Iranian lives.

Americans show the usual split on the question of whether to bomb Iran; 56 percent of Americans disapprove.^[6] They are asking what happens next, where will this new war go, and how long will it last. None of those questions have clear answers. For sure, we know that there will at least be a shake-up of the Middle East that could result in indefinitely long chaos, a substantial upheaval of U.S. markets (from shipping in the Strait of Hormuz, Gulf of Oman, the Arabian Sea, or quite possibly the Gulf of Aden to disrupt the global supply chain), and likely the balance between U.S. congregational and executive powers (given the division of American voters before the 2026 elections). What would happen if the bombings were neither spectacular nor a complete and total obliteration of Iranian nuclear enrichment facilities but simply delayed its nuclearization for at most another year? If that turns out to be the case, it will answer the question – was Donald Trump’s decision to start a war a mistake when there was still a window of diplomacy?

US B-2 Spirit bomber. Photo by USAF
Public Domain

This new war could have been planned with intelligence. Or, it could have been an overnight inspiration of a few powerful figures, politicians, or hawk lobbyists who emotionally believe in a deterrent mantra, peace through strength, because they also believe their forces are ready with enough intelligence to foresee five steps ahead – yet cannot, because all wars go through surprising hoops.

In reading expert opinions in journals and news sources from Foreign Affairs to United Nations reports, my thoughts wander through the wilderness of expert judgments on recent bombing repercussions that we cannot predict. In war, consequences surface in unexpected directions. While few paths lead to favorable outcomes, more lead us to darkness. When I came across Robin Wright’s article in The Atlantic, “Can Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, and Iran’s Theocracy, Survive This War?” I chose to believe that we are walking down the wrong path. ^[7] I hope to be wrong. She had met Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of Iran, in 1987, and found him to be, in her words, “[Lacking] charisma, worldliness, and intellectual depth. He mumbled his way through inflammatory rhetoric.” ^[8]

In war, consequences surface in unexpected directions. While few paths lead to favorable outcomes, more lead us to darkness.

Wright sees the issue as if Iran is locked in a culture of “military prowess”, and doubts that Khamenei and the Islamic theocracy will survive a serious military onslaught. That leaves us with the dilemma of whether we are on the right path forward with either war or diplomacy when Khamenei aims for Iranian dominance of the Middle East. Will it rebuild its nuclear weapons project? The answers are not known. We can listen to the opinions of the most seasoned experts. Ellie Geranmayeh, deputy head of the Middle East and North Africa program at the European Council on Foreign Relations, tells us, “Khamenei as a leader may not survive this war—either because he is taken out of the scene through an assassination or because the war ends with such a disastrous outcome for the country that he will be forced to step down, … [and] likely prefer being taken down as a martyr rather than going down in history as the Iranian leader who capitulated with a gun to his head.” Geranmayeh claims that Iran is hinting it will suspend future cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and inspections regarding its nuclear program. Iran believes that a nuclear deterrent is the best way for it to protect itself because it cannot win a war with its conventional weapons. So, last January, its government threatened to withdraw from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) to avoid oversight of nuclear weapons development while it continues to produce weapons-grade highly enriched uranium.

Others say that blocking Iran’s nuclear weapon advancement cannot be achieved by military means. Only peace and diplomacy can stop Iran from developing a nuclear weapon. That view comes from Jennifer Kavanaugh, Senior Fellow and Director of Military Analysis at Defense Priorities, and Rosemary Kelanic, Director of the Middle East Program at Defense Priorities, insisting that U.S. airpower alone cannot fully destroy uranium stockpiles deep under nuclear sites. Besides, there is speculation that Iran’s centrifuges are transportable and hidden. And still others say that almost certainly Iran will seek retribution and that the United States could suddenly become entangled in deeply wide escalations with unavoidable risky consequences. All it takes is one U.S. soldier killed.

The preeminent question is: What are the plans for a military counterattack after Iran’s reprisals? Since there are no guarantees of eliminating all nuclear material, Iran could eventually build and swiftly use a nuclear weapon in either revenge or control over the Middle East. According to Nephew, Iran already has the essential elements of bomb-making material that could be assembled quickly. “That is why the 2015 nuclear deal,” broken by Trump in his first term in office, “or the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) focused on preventing nuclear material acquisition rather than on weaponization equipment or missiles.”^[9]

Some experts, including Nephew, believe there are still options for a diplomatic solution. But Trump’s impatience and worldview are a barrier that confronts negotiations that often take years to click. Experts in fields surrounding foreign policy and affairs may offer productive advice, yet they are not time travelers returning from the future with oracular intelligence.

So, here I am, confused in head- and tail-winds of vacillating opinions, while understanding that the Middle East is not an area to risk consequences that can involve a world that depends on supply routes and avoidance of terror.

Go to top

About the Author

Joseph Mazur is an Emeritus Professor of Mathematics at Emerson College’s Marlboro Institute for Liberal Arts & Interdisciplinary Studies. He is a recipient of fellowships from the Guggenheim, Bogliasco, and Rockefeller Foundations, and the author of eight acclaimed popular nonfiction books. His latest book is The Clock Mirage: Our Myth of Measured Time (Yale).

Follow his World Financial Review column at https://worldfinancialreview.com/category/columns/understanding-war/. More information about him is at https://www.josephmazur.com/

Notes

^[1] https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/update-on-developments-in-iran-7#:~:text=Stressing%20again%20that%20nuclear%20facilities,(CSA)%20with%20the%20Agency.

^[2] https://www.factcheck.org/2025/06/questions-linger-about-irans-enriched-uranium-stockpile-after-u-s-airstrikes/

^[3] https://www.cbsnews.com/news/transcript-rafael-mariano-grossi-international-atomic-energy-agency-face-the-nation-with-margaret-brennan-june-28-2025/

^[4] https://bsky.app/profile/richardmnephew.bsky.social/post/3ls5s7u2ef22p

^[5] https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-fact-checker-tracked-trump-claims/2021/01/23/ad04b69a-5c1d-11eb-a976-bad6431e03e2_story.html

^[6] https://thehill.com/policy/defense/5366016-trump-iran-bombing-cnn-poll/

^[7] https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-lede/can-ayatollah-khamenei-and-irans-theocracy-survive-this-war?utm_source=nl&utm_brand=tny&utm_mailing=TNY_Daily_Paid_06232025&utm_campaign=aud-dev&utm_medium=email&utm_term=tny_daily_digest&bxid=5be9eac924c17c6adf09dd1b&cndid=21509350&hasha=c96dc9baa016d5cdc18122bd424c960b&hashb=8f47631610cf91fc176bff026b1fda6adf22d164&hashc=bb759ff36f2ff61999abd346c905873915c01036c5a2b4978fb83f6b22e77fde&esrc=OIDC_SELECT_ACCOUNT_PAGE&mbid=CRMNYR012019

^[8] Ibid., New Yorker, Robin Wright, “Can Ayatollah Khamenei and Iran’s Theocracy Survive This War?,” June 13, 2025.

^[9] https://www.foreignaffairs.com/iran/last-chance-iran

We Help Each Other Use Gen AI Better

July 4, 2025

Team of IT experts collaborating on developments of artificial intelligence in office.

By Dr. Gleb Tsipursky

At Uber, the adoption of generative AI is not just a matter of strategy or innovation—it’s a reflection of culture. For Andrea Monllau, Senior Manager of Americas Strategy for Uber, the shift to embracing Gen AI has been as much about people as it has been about platforms. Speaking from her perspective as both a strategist and a champion for transformation, Monllau in her interview with me describes a workplace where curiosity is encouraged, expertise is shared, and experimentation is the norm.

Uber’s relative youth and deep tech roots have made it fertile ground for early Gen AI adoption. “We were born in the era of data and technology,” Monllau notes. That gives Uber an edge over legacy organizations still wrestling with digital transformation. Across the company, teams are not just exploring Gen AI—they are actively embedding it into their workflows. Within the Places team, which oversees workplace strategy and corporate real estate, Gen AI isn’t just a shiny new tool. It’s a foundational component of how work is evolving.

Prompting Parties and Peer Support

The story of Gen AI at Uber isn’t one of top-down mandates or rigid programs. Instead, it’s one of grassroots learning and community-driven innovation. Team members are not only using tools like ChatGPT and Gemini—they’re coaching each other in how to use them better.

“We call them prompting parties,” says Monllau, with a smile. These informal sessions are designed for collective problem-solving. Someone might share a prompt that didn’t deliver the desired outcome, and others will jump in to tweak and improve it. This shared iteration helps people move from frustration to fluency.

As the team’s skills have grown, so has the ambition of their projects. Colleagues are building their own chatbots, then sharing them with others. “I created this chatbot, here’s what it does—if it’s useful, feel free to use it,” Monllau explains. The community has moved beyond sharing successes to co-creating solutions. It’s not about doing the work for someone else—it’s about showing them how, and empowering them to grow.

Peer mentorship is central to this ethos. Monllau describes turning to colleagues with deeper technical knowledge and deliberately inviting others into those conversations. “If I don’t know something, I don’t ask privately. I ask publicly. Because if I have the question, someone else probably does too.” This intentional vulnerability fosters psychological safety and speeds collective learning.

Making Adoption Inevitable

When it came to rolling out Gen AI more broadly, Monllau and her team leaned into two messages: the opportunity and the inevitability. The opportunity is clear—greater efficiency, faster analysis, and more time for creative, strategic thinking. But the inevitability is just as compelling. “If you were an accountant when Excel came out and you didn’t use it, you got left behind,” Monllau says. Gen AI, she believes, is that level of disruption.

To get everyone on board, Uber deployed enterprise-wide trainings that mixed technical demos with practical use cases. “We blocked time on calendars and said, this training is highly encouraged—make sure you take it.” These sessions provided the groundwork for individual teams to begin experimenting and sharing on their own.

The goal wasn’t perfection—it was participation. People were encouraged to speak openly about their experiments, no matter how small. When someone used Gen AI in a new way, they were celebrated. These stories helped normalize the technology and built momentum across the team.

Navigating Risks and Building Trust

Of course, Gen AI isn’t without its risks. Bias, hallucinations, and data security are real concerns. Uber addresses these through a combination of policy and practice. The company classifies data into different levels, with strict rules about what can be shared with AI platforms.

But the biggest safeguard, Monllau says, is human judgment. “AI is a support tool—it helps you accelerate, but it doesn’t replace you.” Teams use Gen AI to generate initial drafts or compile scenario data, but they still come together to analyze and decide. “We believe there isn’t one answer to anything. AI offers a perspective, not a conclusion.”

That collaborative mindset applies to managing bias as well. By sharing outputs, challenging assumptions, and reviewing results together, Uber’s teams keep human insight at the center of AI use. It’s a model of augmented intelligence rather than artificial replacement.

The Road Ahead for Gen AI at Uber

Looking forward, Monllau sees Gen AI accelerating the pace of work and elevating the type of work humans do. “We’ll automate repetitive tasks and use AI to get us to the first draft faster. Then we come together to do the thinking, the fun part.” For corporate real estate—a traditionally conservative sector—this shift could be transformative.

She’s particularly excited about how Gen AI is attracting new players to the space. “We’re seeing entrants from outside the traditional real estate world—people with tech backgrounds, new ideas. That’s healthy. It challenges us to move beyond the old-school way of doing things.”

Even as the tools evolve, Monllau emphasizes that the heart of Uber’s success with Gen AI lies in its culture. A culture where asking questions is safe, sharing knowledge is expected, and no one is left behind. “This is new for everyone,” she says. “We should be helping each other.”

In a world racing toward digital transformation, Uber’s approach stands out. It’s not just about deploying technology. It’s about building communities of learning around that technology—where every chatbot, every prompt, and every question is part of a shared journey forward.

Go to top

About the Author

Dr. Gleb Tsipursky was named “Office Whisperer” by The New York Times for helping leaders overcome frustrations with hybrid work and Generative AI. He serves as the CEO of the future-of-work consultancy Disaster Avoidance Experts. Dr. Gleb wrote seven best-selling books, and his two most recent ones are Returning to the Office and Leading Hybrid and Remote Teams and ChatGPT for Leaders and Content Creators: Unlocking the Potential of Generative AI. His cutting-edge thought leadership was featured in over 650 articles in prominent venues such as Harvard Business Review, Fortune, and Fast Company. His expertise comes from over 20 years of consulting for Fortune 500 companies from Aflac to Xerox and over 15 years in academia as a behavioral scientist at UNC-Chapel Hill and Ohio State. A proud Ukrainian American, Dr. Gleb lives in Columbus, Ohio.

Trump Secures Major Victory as House Passes Tax and Spending Bill

July 4, 2025

Portrait of President-elect Donald Trump — Photo by Library of Congress on Unsplash

President Donald Trump scored a key legislative victory today after the House approved his sweeping tax and spending overhaul, setting the stage for a high-profile signing ceremony at the White House on Independence Day.

The bill, which includes broad tax relief and significant increases in defense funding, passed after weeks of intense lobbying by Republican leaders who worked to unite their fractured ranks behind Trump’s ambitious second-term agenda.

Calling it his “big, beautiful bill,” Trump is expected to sign the legislation Thursday at 5 p.m. ET as part of Fourth of July festivities at the White House.

“This is a huge win for American workers, families and our national strength,” Trump said in a brief statement, crediting GOP lawmakers for delivering a long-promised overhaul.

The multi-trillion-dollar package includes deep reductions to federal safety net programs, marking the largest such cuts in decades. These reductions helped offset new spending on national security and expanded tax breaks for businesses and high earners.

Democrats fiercely opposed the bill. House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries set a new modern record for the longest House floor speech, using his unlimited “magic minute” to speak for hours against the measure in an effort to delay its passage.

Despite the resistance, the Republican-led House advanced the bill late Wednesday, giving Trump the first major policy win of his second term and setting up a contentious battle over its long-term economic and social impact.

Related Readings:

House Passes Sweeping GOP Tax and Spending Plan, Eyes Senate Showdown

The Tax Loopholes Wealthy Americans Use—And How You Can, Too

Resources for Starting Fresh After Tax Debt
.

Go to top

Private Equity Infrastructure Funds and the Future of Urban Development

July 3, 2025

Coins stack and stock market investment graph,concept of business investment, stock future trading , clash and bear market with real estate background.

Urban development is entering a new era, driven by the rising influence of private equity infrastructure funds and the transformative power of tokenization. As cities expand and modernize, the demand for sustainable, large-scale infrastructure is growing rapidly. Traditionally, these long-term projects were funded by institutional investors with high entry barriers and low liquidity.

Tokenization is transforming the landscape by enabling fractional ownership, enhancing visibility, and enabling investors to trade digital tokens backed by real-world infrastructure assets. This innovation is making private equity infrastructure funds more accessible and flexible while aligning with the long timelines of urban development.

In this blog, we examine how tokenized infrastructure funds are transforming investment models and facilitating the development of smarter, more resilient cities.

Infrastructure Investing: The Traditional Model

Historically, private equity infrastructure funds required substantial capital commitments and had limited liquidity. They invested in transportation, energy, utilities, and communication networks, offering stable but long-term returns. While suited for pension funds and large institutions, this model restricted access to a broader pool of investors. Moreover, the rigid structure of traditional funds often made them less adaptable to changing economic conditions or investor preferences.

Tokenization now introduces a more dynamic investment structure. By digitizing ownership into tokens, these funds can maintain their long-term focus while offering more flexible investor participation. This is especially important for infrastructure, where the timeline from planning to completion can span decades. Investors benefit from increased liquidity without compromising the stability that infrastructure assets typically provide.

How Tokenization Works in Infrastructure Funds

Tokenization involves using blockchain technology to convert asset ownership into digital tokens. In private equity infrastructure funds, this means that investors can own a fractional stake in a fund or a specific asset, which is recorded securely on a distributed ledger. Each token can represent a legally recognized stake when structured with the appropriate legal wrapper, and smart contracts help automate compliance, payouts, and reporting.

This innovation enables multiple benefits. First, it lowers the investment threshold, allowing more participants to engage with infrastructure as an asset class. Second, it introduces the potential for secondary markets, improving liquidity for what has historically been an illiquid investment. Third, it increases clarity, with real-time visibility into asset performance and ownership.

For fund managers, tokenization simplifies capital raising, streamlines administrative processes, and can even support global investor participation while complying with local regulations.

Enabling Smarter Urban Development

The infrastructure needs of modern cities extend beyond roads and bridges. They include digital connectivity, renewable energy, water management, and climate-resilient construction. Private equity infrastructure funds play a crucial role in funding these critical areas, aligning long-term investment capital with urban transformation goals.

Tokenized funds enhance this alignment. By increasing accessibility and capital flow, tokenized private equity infrastructure funds enable more projects to move forward without relying excessively on public funding. Urban planners and developers benefit from diversified capital sources, while investors gain exposure to projects that have a real-world impact.

These funds also often incorporate ESG frameworks into their investment strategy, ensuring that urban growth is not only fast and efficient but also environmentally responsible and socially inclusive.

Increasing Liquidity in a Traditionally Illiquid Market

One of the most significant limitations of traditional private equity infrastructure funds has been the lack of liquidity. Investors commit capital for many years, with few options to exit early. This can deter potential participants who seek more flexibility or need capital in the short to medium term.

Tokenization changes this by enabling ownership units to be digitally issued and transferred more efficiently within compliant platforms. The secondary market introduces optionality and flexibility without undermining the fund’s long-term strategy. Investors can buy and sell their stakes more freely, while fund managers still maintain control over asset performance and governance.

Increased liquidity also improves pricing transparency and enhances portfolio diversification opportunities for those looking to balance long- and short-term investment horizons.

Bridging Infrastructure and Innovation

Smart cities require smart capital. As urban systems become more connected and data-driven, infrastructure investment must also evolve. Tokenized private equity infrastructure funds bring the necessary innovation to match the digital needs of urban development.

Blockchain technology used in tokenization supports better data management, investor reporting, and regulatory compliance. It creates an ecosystem where each stakeholder, from fund managers to regulators, can access consistent, verified information. This enhances trust and operational efficiency, making infrastructure investing more clear and agile.

Moreover, tokenization opens the door to new investor classes, including family offices, high-net-worth individuals, and eventually even retail investors, further expanding the capital available for urban transformation.

Regulatory and Institutional Momentum

As tokenization gains traction, regulators are beginning to shape policies around digital asset ownership, smart contracts, and investor protections. This is a necessary step to ensure that tokenized private equity infrastructure funds operate within safe, compliant frameworks.

Institutional interest is also growing. As regulatory clarity improves, more established fund managers are experimenting with tokenized fund structures, validating the model and setting industry benchmarks. These developments will help scale adoption and bring tokenized infrastructure investing closer to mainstream capital markets.

With the support of both the private and public sectors, tokenization is on track to become a core component of how infrastructure is financed, developed, and owned.

Infrastructure Investing for a Digital Future

The future of urban development lies at the intersection of capital, technology, and sustainability. Private equity infrastructure funds have long provided the financial strength needed to build cities, and tokenization is now unlocking a new dimension of accessibility, visibility, and liquidity. This combination is making infrastructure investing more inclusive, efficient, and aligned with the modern challenges of urban development.

As tokenized fund models evolve, they will empower investors to engage with long-term projects more flexibly while cities gain access to the capital needed for resilient and inclusive growth. For those looking to unlock the power of tokenization in infrastructure investing, platforms like rootVX are helping make high-quality, real-world assets more accessible through secure, digital ownership structures.

Go to top

Trump Announces U.S.-Vietnam Trade Deal With New Tariffs, Market Access

July 3, 2025

President Donald Trump said Wednesday the United States has reached a trade agreement with Vietnam, just days before his self-imposed July 9 deadline for new tariff actions.

In a post on Truth Social, Trump said the U.S. would impose a 20 percent tariff on Vietnamese imports and a 40 percent levy on products routed through Vietnam from other countries. In return, Trump claimed Hanoi agreed to give the U.S. “total access” to its domestic markets, allowing American goods to enter tariff-free.

“This is a big win for the U.S.,” Trump wrote. “We now have ZERO tariffs going into Vietnam, while theirs go up.”

Vietnamese officials have yet to publicly confirm the deal, though state media reported that President Trump and Communist Party General Secretary Tô Lâm spoke by phone to finalize what was described as a “framework” agreement. Vietnam reportedly asked Washington to recognize it as a market economy and to lift export controls on sensitive technologies.

Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick clarified that the 40 percent tariff targets transshipping — when other countries route goods through Vietnam to bypass trade restrictions.

The announcement comes as the White House races to lock in deals before Trump’s 90-day pause on tariff hikes expires next week. The administration has warned that without new agreements, rates could jump to as high as 50 percent.

U.S. imports from Vietnam have surged in recent years, hitting $137 billion in 2024, according to Commerce Department data. The trade deficit with Vietnam also widened to $123 billion, ranking as the third-largest gap behind China and Mexico.

Investors reacted positively. Shares of Nike and Columbia Sportswear, which rely heavily on Vietnamese suppliers, rose 4.2 percent and 1.3 percent, respectively. The S&P 500 climbed 0.38 percent by mid-afternoon, reaching another record, while the Nasdaq added 0.82 percent.

Despite the upbeat tone from Washington, key details of the agreement remain unclear. The White House has yet to publish the full terms, and questions linger over how the new tariffs will interact with those already in place.

Deputy Treasury Secretary Michael Faulkender said a formal press release is still being finalized.

Related Readings:

Trilateral Militarisation in Southeast Asia: Bringing Vietnamese Counterinsurgency Operations to the Philippines and the South China Sea

Metal Sourcing in Vietnam: Opportunities and Financial Challenges

Navigating the Landscape of ‘Made in Vietnam’ products: Risks, Rewards, and Strategic Due Diligence

Go to top

Creating a Culture of Gen AI Curiosity Over Lunch

July 3, 2025

Businessman using AI agents on screen, including chatbots, AI assistants, and data analytics tools on a laptop. Chatbot, Ai agentic workflows.

By Dr. Gleb Tsipursky

In the world of cybersecurity and advisory services, staying ahead of technological change is not just an advantage, it is a necessity. Milton Bartley, CEO of ImageQuest, a Nashville-based security services firm specializing in regulated industries like community banks and wealth management companies, has taken a proactive approach to the disruptive force of generative AI. In a candid conversation, Bartley shared how he has navigated internal adoption, client resistance, and a rapidly evolving regulatory landscape—one lunch at a time.

Planting the Seeds of Curiosity

When generative AI burst into public consciousness, Bartley and his team at ImageQuest were already well into their experimentation phase. “We became early adopters two and a half years ago,” he recalled. Rather than waiting for a perfect moment, Bartley and his CIO sought out business use cases where they could either pilot or fully integrate AI. Their efforts were not without internal hurdles. While some employees eagerly embraced the possibilities, others were hesitant.

Bartley described the adoption curve within ImageQuest as “a typical bell curve,” with 10 percent of employees leading the charge, 10 percent resisting, and 80 percent in various stages of curiosity and caution. Recognizing the need to shape this middle ground, ImageQuest introduced a monthly, voluntary lunchtime gathering where staff could share ideas, successes, and questions about using AI in their work. These sessions, sometimes formal lunch-and-learns and sometimes casual meetups, became a cornerstone of building a culture of innovation without the pressure of mandates.

“We really believe that the best ideas come from the people who do the work,” Bartley emphasized. This grassroots approach fueled a spirit of exploration and demystified AI for employees who might otherwise have stayed on the sidelines.

Creating Structure Without Stifling Innovation

Early enthusiasm at ImageQuest needed to be channeled carefully. Bartley recounted how his CIO, a longtime user of automation technologies, would sometimes move too fast, implementing solutions before getting buy-in from other stakeholders. Recognizing this, Bartley introduced lightweight governance measures to ensure excitement did not outpace thoughtful risk management.

The cornerstone of this governance was a simple but robust AI policy added to ImageQuest’s broader technology use policies. Rather than restricting innovation with heavy-handed rules, the policy provided a flexible framework: employees could freely use approved tools as long as they avoided uploading sensitive client or company data without explicit permission.

In addition, Bartley established an internal AI committee, initially composed of five or six employees, to evaluate use cases, guide internal deployments, and explore how to assist clients with their AI journeys. Over time, the committee’s role evolved, but it remained a critical engine for responsible and effective innovation.

Notably, Bartley’s approach always balanced technical safeguards with human factors. “We didn’t want to slow down momentum with bureaucracy,” he explained, “but we needed everyone to understand the guardrails we had to operate within.”

Translating Innovation to Client Success

While ImageQuest employees warmed to AI through deliberate exposure and structured freedom, clients—particularly highly regulated banks—presented a different challenge. Bartley categorized client reactions into three broad groups: the cautious followers, the fearful avoiders, and the thoughtful pragmatists.

The cautious followers preferred to wait for peer institutions to adopt AI before moving forward. Fearful avoiders, overwhelmed by a lack of internal expertise and regulatory uncertainty, opted for blanket rejection. Thoughtful pragmatists, meanwhile, worked with ImageQuest to identify safe, high-value opportunities for AI deployment that posed little or no regulatory risk.

Bartley offered practical examples of how ImageQuest guided clients to safe use cases. For instance, banks could leverage AI to modernize standard operating procedures and job descriptions—tasks that steer clear of sensitive client data and regulatory scrutiny. On ImageQuest’s own side, the team developed AI-driven workflows that dramatically reduced administrative burdens. A prime example was the vendor management process. Rather than manually combing through hundreds of pages in SOC reports, AI agents now identify specific compliance indicators instantly, allowing human analysts to focus their expertise on validation rather than tedious search tasks.

“It’s about taking a ten-mile journey and giving people a head start, so they can focus their energy on the last mile where their real value lies,” Bartley said.

This philosophy not only preserves job security but enhances it, reframing AI not as a replacement for employees but as a force multiplier for their skills.

Looking Ahead: A Future of Agents and Acceleration

As generative AI matures and agentic AI rises on the horizon, Bartley sees a future shaped by rapid, transformative change. He described the trend as happening “slowly, then suddenly,” noting how AI is already embedded into the core offerings of major banking software providers.

Looking forward, Bartley predicts that agentic AI—the next generation where AI agents independently complete tasks without human initiation—will be the true inflection point. “We’re going to wake up one morning, maybe six weeks from now, and agentic AI will just be here,” he said with a mix of excitement and inevitability.

Despite the pace of change, Bartley remains grounded in his approach. Rather than pursuing flashier, high-risk applications, he continues to prioritize incremental efficiency gains that build client trust and internal competence. The emphasis is on actionable, practical AI—not the hype.

At ImageQuest, creating a culture of Gen AI curiosity is not about chasing the next big thing. It is about patiently nurturing an environment where employees and clients alike feel empowered to explore, innovate, and ask tough questions. And sometimes, all it takes to spark that culture is a casual lunch conversation and a willingness to listen.

In a world eager for instant transformation, Bartley’s model of steady, thoughtful adoption stands out. It offers a reminder that sometimes, the most profound change begins with simply making space for curiosity—and then letting it grow.

Go to top

About the Author

Lab Grown vs. Real Diamonds: What You Need to Know

July 3, 2025

Diamonds have long been considered the ultimate symbol of love, luxury, and commitment. But as technology evolves, so do the options available to consumers. Today, one of the most discussed alternatives to mined diamonds is lab grown diamonds. From ethics to pricing, and from environmental impact to appearance, the debate between lab grown and real diamonds is more relevant than ever. In this article, we’ll explore the key differences to help you make an informed decision—especially if you’re considering lab grown engagement rings.

What Are Lab Grown Diamonds?

Lab grown diamonds, also known as synthetic or man-made diamonds, are created in controlled laboratory environments using advanced technological processes that mimic the natural diamond formation process. These diamonds have the same physical, chemical, and optical properties as natural diamonds. Two primary methods are used to create lab diamonds: High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT) and Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD).

What Are Real Diamonds?

Real diamonds, often referred to as natural or mined diamonds, are formed over billions of years under intense heat and pressure deep within the Earth’s mantle. They are extracted through mining, a process that has been both lauded for its economic contributions and criticized for its environmental and ethical implications.

Visual and Structural Differences

To the naked eye, lab grown and real diamonds are virtually indistinguishable. Even trained gemologists often need specialized equipment to tell them apart. Both types of diamonds rate 10 on the Mohs scale of hardness, making them equally durable and suitable for everyday wear, including in lab grown diamond engagement rings.

Price Comparison

One of the most significant differences between the two lies in pricing. Lab grown diamonds typically cost 30–50% less than their mined counterparts. This price advantage is primarily due to lower production costs and a more streamlined supply chain. For consumers, this means they can afford a larger or higher-quality diamond for the same budget—making lab grown engagement rings an attractive option.

Ethical and Environmental Impact

Ethics play a major role in the growing popularity of lab grown diamonds. Traditional diamond mining has been linked to human rights violations, including child labor and conflict financing in certain regions. Lab grown diamonds, on the other hand, offer a conflict-free alternative. Environmentally, lab grown diamonds also tend to have a smaller carbon footprint and require less water and land disruption, though they do consume significant energy depending on the production method.

Value and Resale

When it comes to long-term value, mined diamonds traditionally retain better resale value due to their rarity and established market. Lab grown diamonds are newer to the market and do not yet have the same resale infrastructure or demand, which can affect their perceived investment value. However, if the primary purpose is emotional or aesthetic—such as in engagement rings—the resale factor may be less important.

Certification and Grading

Both lab grown and mined diamonds can be certified by reputable gemological institutes such as the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) or the International Gemological Institute (IGI). Certificates detail the diamond’s cut, clarity, color, and carat weight, providing assurance of quality regardless of origin.

Market Trends and Popularity

The popularity of lab grown engagement rings has surged in recent years, especially among younger, more environmentally conscious buyers. Millennials and Gen Z are often more concerned with sustainability and ethical sourcing than previous generations, and lab grown diamonds align well with these values.

Misconceptions

There’s a common misconception that lab grown diamonds are “fake.” This is not true. Unlike diamond simulants like cubic zirconia or moissanite, lab grown diamonds are real diamonds. The only difference is their origin. They sparkle just as brightly and are just as durable.

Making the Right Choice

Choosing between a lab grown and a real diamond comes down to personal values, budget, and priorities. If you’re looking for a more affordable, ethically sourced, and environmentally friendly option, lab grown engagement rings offer a compelling alternative. If you value rarity, tradition, and potential long-term value, you might lean toward a mined diamond.

Go to top

The CEO Mindset that Gets You Stuck

July 3, 2025

CEO thinking while standing by the window in the office

There’s a certain mindset that gets many CEOs to the top. It’s built on grit, vision, and the ability to push through uncertainty. This mindset often fuels the early stages of a company. It gets the funding, builds the team, launches the product. It’s the drive that says, “If I don’t do it, no one will.”

But at a certain point, the very mindset that helped you build the business starts to hold you back.

You might start to feel restless. Frustrated. Like your days are filled with decisions but empty of meaning. You keep pushing harder, but progress feels more draining than energizing. The wins don’t land the same way they used to.

This is often the result of a subtle but powerful shift: your leadership has outgrown your operating mindset. The instincts that once served you well — total control, constant problem-solving, making every call yourself — are no longer what the business needs. More importantly, they are no longer what you need.

There is a particular kind of stuckness that comes when your internal habits lag behind your external role. You may have already learned how to delegate tasks. Maybe you’ve built a leadership team, handed off departments, and stopped managing every small detail. But even after delegation, the old mindset can linger.

You might still carry emotional responsibility for every outcome. You might still jump in to fix things that aren’t yours to fix. You might still feel like you’re the only one who can see the full picture. True delegation is not just about distributing work. It is about trusting others with ownership and learning to lead without gripping everything so tightly. Letting go is not a one-time event. It is a practice that deepens over time, and it often starts with letting go of how you think you’re supposed to lead.

You may still be functioning like the startup founder who wore every hat, even though you now lead a team of fifty. You may still be bracing for chaos, even though the company is more stable. You may still be equating your worth with productivity, even though your real value lies in vision and clarity.

It’s easy to stay trapped in that mindset because it worked. For a long time, it worked brilliantly. But now, it’s costing you. It’s costing your energy, your ability to delegate, your relationship with your team. And perhaps most importantly, it’s costing your sense of connection to the work you once loved.

This is the moment many CEOs and founders begin to question themselves. Why isn’t this working anymore? Why does leadership feel heavier, not lighter? Why does success feel lonelier the higher I go?

What you’re feeling is not failure. It’s a normal byproduct of growth. It’s the moment when something deeper is being asked of you.

You’ve likely outpaced the version of yourself who started this. And now, it’s time to catch up to the leader your role requires today. That doesn’t mean becoming someone new. It means stripping away the noise and habits that no longer serve you, so you can lead with greater presence, precision, and purpose.

This is where CEO coaching services can be transformational. Coaching is not about fixing something that’s broken. It’s about helping you slow down enough to hear what wants to evolve. It gives you a space to explore the patterns that keep repeating themselves and to consider new ways of leading that are more aligned with who you’ve become.

Most CEOs don’t need more strategy. They need more reflection. They need a place to ask the questions they don’t feel safe asking anywhere else. They need support in learning how to lead from a different place. One that is less reactive and more intentional. One that is less about holding it all and more about building systems that hold everyone, including themselves.

Letting go of the mindset that built your company does not mean abandoning what made you great. It means building on it. It means evolving into the kind of leader who is not just effective, but whole.

Growth at this level is quieter. It is more about how you think than what you do. But it is also where some of the most powerful shifts begin.

It may feel counterintuitive at first. You’ve spent years mastering efficiency, solving problems quickly, and keeping things moving forward. Slowing down to reflect can feel like a luxury or even a risk. But the truth is, learning to pause with intention is one of the most strategic things you can do. It allows you to access clarity instead of reacting from habit, and it helps you reconnect with the deeper purpose that brought you here in the first place.

If you are feeling stuck, you are likely ready to level up and grow.

Go to top

Senate Passes Trump’s Domestic Bill with Tie-Breaking Vote from VP Vance

July 2, 2025

The Senate narrowly passed President Donald Trump’s sweeping domestic legislation late Monday, advancing a key part of his policy agenda after weeks of tense negotiations and last-minute lobbying.

The vote split evenly along party lines, 50-50, with Vice President JD Vance casting the decisive ballot to break the tie.

The bill, which spans trillions in spending, combines major tax cuts with increased national security funding. It also includes the most significant rollback of federal safety net programs in decades, drawing sharp criticism from Democrats and social policy advocates.

With Senate approval secured, the measure now moves to the House, where Republican leaders are racing against time to deliver it to the president before the July 4 holiday.

The path forward, however, remains uncertain. Severe weather on the East Coast delayed several lawmakers’ return to Washington, tightening the already slim margin Speaker Mike Johnson must manage. With full attendance, House Republicans can only afford to lose three votes.

The House is expected to begin debate on the measure later this week.

Related Readings:

Trump Threatens Tariffs on Japan Over Rice Trade Dispute
.

Trump Secures NATO Pledge as Article 5 Support Wavers
.

Trump’s Dream of Escalation Dominance: The Israel/US Proxy War for Regime Change in Iran

Go to top

Filing Express’s Ambition: Becoming the #1 Ranked ITIN Service on Google for Foreign Entrepreneurs Entering the U.S. Market

July 2, 2025

For foreign entrepreneurs, the United States remains the ultimate marketplace: deep capital, vast consumer demand, and a culture that rewards bold ideas. Yet crossing that threshold requires one deceptively simple, but essential document: a U.S. tax identification number. Without an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN), non-residents cannot file federal returns, trigger refunds, or open many U.S. bank accounts. Securing an ITIN is the first handshake with the Internal Revenue Service and the moment many global founders realize they need a knowledgeable guide.

Filing Express, the California-based firm formerly known as EIN Express, reports having helped more than 10,000 clients obtain ITINs, EINs, and corporate structures over the past eight years. Now the company has set its sights higher: to cement its position as “the #1 online resource for business filings and accounting services,” starting with the most coveted digital real estate of all, Google’s top ranking for ITIN services.

Search engines are the modern port of entry. A founder who types “how to get a U.S. ITIN” will likely choose a provider from the first page of results, and, more often than not, the first link. Filing Express’s leadership understands that sitting at the summit of those results does more than generate clicks; it telegraphs instant credibility in a crowded marketplace full of one-off freelancers and opaque document mills.

According to the firm’s internal metrics, Filing Express already holds the #1-ranked organic position for “ITIN services” searches on Google, which is a milestone achieved through consistent client reviews, authoritative content, and a spotless compliance record. But with copycat sites and low-cost chains vying for the same space, maintaining that perch requires ongoing innovation and trust-building.

Trust is foundational when entrepreneurs are sending passports, financials, and personal data halfway around the world. Filing Express points to several pillars of credibility:

1,000-plus Google reviews averaging 5 stars is proof that the firm’s white-glove ethos translates into client satisfaction.
A tax advisory team with 40+ combined years at Accounting, Audit, Tax, and Professional Consulting Services, experience normally reserved for Fortune-500 budgets.
Membership in the ClickFunnels Two Comma Club, reflecting over seven figures of online sales through a single funnel, is evidence of operational maturity, not hype.
An in-house tech department ranked among the top 25 CRM developers in the United States, ensuring secure data pipelines and lightning-fast onboarding.

For global founders, those touchpoints replace uncertainty with assurance: the people behind the screen are seasoned professionals, not form-filling bots.

A frequent complaint about the filing space is that a seemingly low sticker price balloons after “optional” add-ons become mandatory. Filing Express counters that trend with all-inclusive, flat-fee packages. Whether a client needs an ITIN, an EIN, or a full turnkey LLC, the price is published upfront, no bait, no switch.

That transparency is not a marketing flourish; it is embedded in the firm’s operating model. Clients see an itemized scope of work before paying a cent, and support teams proactively flag any ancillary state or mailing fees so there are zero “surprise invoices” down the line. For boot-strapped founders operating across exchange rates, predictability is priceless.

Filing Express describes its service promise in four words: “We handle every step.” That includes:

Document intake and certification. As a Certified Acceptance Agent, the firm verifies passports locally, sparing clients from mailing originals to the IRS.
Application liaison. Staff submit Form W-7 or SS-4 directly and track status weekly, shortening typical foreign processing times.
Banking readiness. Once the ITIN or EIN is issued, Filing Express packages official notices and template compliance letters, streamlining U.S. bank onboarding.
Ongoing compliance. Clients can layer on bookkeeping and quarterly tax-planning under the same roof, no need to hunt for a new accountant at year-end.

This cradle-to-forever engagement model fuels word-of-mouth and, in turn, the very reviews that underpin Google’s dominance.

Ambition alone does not secure search rankings; technical excellence does. Filing Express’s CRM stack, architected by a top-25 U.S. developer, integrates marketing, onboarding, and client portals. New leads are funneled into an automated KYC sequence, while existing clients receive milestone reminders and encrypted file-exchange links.

Yet the company insists that automation never replaces the human touch. Each account is assigned a dedicated specialist who answers questions via email, WhatsApp, or Zoom, bridging time-zone gaps that often stymie DIY filers. That dual approach allows Filing Express to scale without sacrificing the concierge feel that built its reputation.

Although winning the ITIN keyword is a headline goal, Filing Express’s broader vision is to become the single source of truth for foreign-owned businesses in America. Beyond tax IDs, the firm now offers:

Bookkeeping and reconciliations tailored to e-commerce and consultant cashflows.
Sales tax and payroll filings for remote-first teams.
Strategic tax planning to navigate treaties, dual-residency rules, and entity restructuring as startups mature.

By folding those services into fixed-fee bundles, the firm eliminates the “vendor sprawl” that normally forces founders to juggle lawyers, CPAs, and compliance apps. For Miami’s growing community of Latin American tech migrants and Caribbean e-commerce sellers, one-stop simplicity can be the difference between momentum and stall-out.

Maintaining Google’s crown is a moving target. Filing Express invests in long-form guides, multilingual webinars, and real-time case-study updates, content that Google’s algorithms interpret as authoritative and users find genuinely helpful. The company also encourages clients to leave honest public reviews, confident that white-glove service will convert gratitude into five-star endorsements.

Inside the firm, quarterly objectives focus on three metrics: average review rating, on-time filing rate, and content authority score. Executives know that slipping on any one of those fronts risks ceding visibility to competitors. The mantra: if you protect the customer experience, you protect the ranking.

For foreign entrepreneurs eyeing the U.S. market, a Google search is likely the first act, and often the risk-defining one. Filing Express’s ambition to remain the #1 ranked ITIN service is less about vanity than it is about signaling a safe harbor. When the stakes involve passports, IRS letters, and cross-border capital, founders will gravitate to the provider that countless others have already vetted.

By coupling transparent pricing with white-glove execution, Filing Express argues it is writing a new standard for online tax-identity services. If the firm continues to marry top-tier expertise with client-obsessed delivery, its place atop the search results and in the minds of global entrepreneurs seems all but assured.

Visit www.filingexpress.com to explore flat-fee packages for ITINs, EINs, bookkeeping, and year-round tax advisory. For updates, follow @filing.express on Instagram.