Tips On Using LinkedIn For Your Business

October 10, 2022

LinkedIn can be a powerful marketing tool, but there are some important things you should know before starting to promote your business on this social network. First of all, you need to set up a company page, which is often the first impression new prospects have of your company. Make sure that it includes a well-written summary and a professional image. Additionally, you should create various sections to describe the various services or products you offer. For example, if you offer a range of products or services, create a LinkedIn Showcase page that highlights each of your products and services.

Creating A LinkedIn Business Page

Once you’ve signed up for a LinkedIn account, you can create a business page for your business. Once you’ve created the page, you can customize the information that appears on it. For example, you can add a cover photo to your page. This can be a picture of your team or products, or it can be a large version of your logo.

You can also create a LinkedIn Showcase page, which is an extension of your business page. It’s a great way to showcase a certain brand, business unit, or initiative. It’s also helpful in finding top talent. It allows potential candidates to view your company’s profile, which allows them to learn more about your business’s culture.

Creating A LinkedIn Profile

There are many factors to consider when creating a LinkedIn profile for your business. For starters, you will want to incorporate SEO and keyword density into the description of your profile. The more keywords you include in the description, the more likely it is that your profile will get more views. Additionally, you will want to include your logo and banner image. Using a company logo is a great way to instantly brand your page. Your logo should be a clear, 400-pixel-wide image that is under four megabytes in size.

Creating a LinkedIn profile for your business is an excellent way to attract new business. It allows you to showcase relevant information about your business, including its year of founding and type. It also lets you add a list of employees. To do this, each employee must have a LinkedIn profile and link it to your company’s profile. This way, people can easily find the people who work for your business.

Using LinkedIn Ads

LinkedIn ads have several benefits for your business. First, they offer a variety of ad formats. You can choose from a simple text ad, video ad, carousel ad, and spotlight ad. You can also choose to create a message ad that will be sent directly to the target audience.

You can set a daily budget for your ad campaign. The minimum daily budget is $10. However, you can spend up to 20% more than your budget. That way, your ad will keep showing after your daily budget is reached. However, you will still be charged for the clicks and impressions that exceed your daily budget.

Creating A LinkedIn Group

When creating a LinkedIn group for your business, you need to choose the name and description carefully. The name should reflect the purpose of the group and incorporate targeted keywords. The description should also sound human. If you’d like to add a logo, make sure to choose a square image. You should also keep in mind that the group’s cover image should be in JPEG or PNG format. To add a cover image to your LinkedIn group, click the three dots under the photo and then click Edit Group Information. Afterward, click the pencil icon in the cover photo area.

Create rules for your group. This will help keep the group clean and free of spam. You can add the rules to the group’s page and post a link in your welcome message. Remember to be extra sensitive with group members as spamming is one of the most common reasons people leave groups.

Publishing Articles On LinkedIn

Whether you’re looking to generate more leads, boost your website’s visibility, or promote your blog, publishing articles on LinkedIn is an excellent way to promote your business and build your brand. To ensure success, make sure your profile and articles have the following components: a title, an intro, and a body. Your LinkedIn article should be short.

The length of your article should be between 500 and 700 words. However, this can vary by industry, so choose the length accordingly. Some sources suggest shorter articles, while others recommend longer ones. It’s important to keep in mind your audience’s attention span and your industry when determining the length of your article.

Using LinkedIn Groups To Engage With Prospects

LinkedIn groups are a great place to find your target audience and engage with them. You can search for groups based on geography, company, and job title to ensure that you’re targeting your audience appropriately. When you join a group, you’ll have the opportunity to communicate with prospective customers directly and build meaningful connections.

LinkedIn groups allow you to network with other professionals in your industry. Being part of the community will put you ahead of your competitors. You can start discussions with other group members and post helpful content. Unlike in email marketing, you don’t need to pitch your services – you can just reply to comments or ask questions.

Lastly

Linkedin is a great tool for attracting potential customers and promoting your business. Not only does it offer job search functionality, but it also has a digital portfolio that allows you to showcase your work. It can be used in many different ways, depending on your industry, so make sure to choose the right strategy. The content you post on Linkedin should relate to your business goals. It works much like other social media platforms, with tools for adding pictures, gifs, polls, and specific links to your website.

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The Latest Report on the Vaping Industry

October 10, 2022

The wild ride of the vaping market has seen plenty of ups and downs in the last decade. A market that looked set to reach the upper stratosphere has been somewhat curtailed by increasingly stringent regulations coming out of the United States, but overall, growth remains impressive.

In many ways, the vaping industry is now reaching a crossroads. Solid evidence has long shown that e-cigarettes don’t have to harmful tar of traditional cigarettes. Still, there are growing concerns over how advertising and social media campaigns target children. Here, we look at the latest report on the vaping industry in 2022.

Innovation is Improving Rapidly

It seems unbelievable to think that the first e-cigarette only appeared in 2003, making this juggernaut of an industry just shy of twenty years old. During that time, we have seen dramatic innovation that has completely redefined vaping.

There’s never been a great variety, whether small, discreet vapes that hold RELX pods UK or larger mod vapes that users can modify to individual preferences.

But advancements in this industry are by no means done. Numerous vape innovations are already hovering on the horizon, such as Bluetooth or voice activation, better digital displays, and titanium coils for better conductivity and prolonged life.

Business is Good

Despite the legal issues, which we’ll come to shortly, the vaping industry is still thundering along. It has a global market value of $18.1 billion in 2021, which analysts predict will rise to over $180 billion by 2030. While a lot could happen over the next decade, it would appear as if the vaping industry is undoubtedly on the right track.

In terms of people vaping, numbers are also only going one way. There are now an estimated 2.7 million adult vapers in the United Kingdom alone, with worldwide figures estimated at over 50 million. There have been some fluctuations over the last couple of years, but generally, it’s an industry showing solid year-on-year growth.

Youth Vaping

However, it’s certainly not all good news for the vaping industry. Enough negative reports are swirling around for many to be already declaring the end of the industry insight.

Much of this has come out of the United States, where the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has begun aggressively targeting certain companies that it believes have been unduly marketing their products to minors. One company appears close to settling a $440 million lawsuit brought by as many as 33 states on behalf of teenagers and children who claim to have been misled by the company’s marketing.

Indeed, youth vaping is causing the industry the biggest headache. Several recent studies have reasserted that vaping is substantially less harmful than smoking. Still, almost all would agree that the industry needs to do much more to address the rapid rise in e-cigarette use among children and how they market vapes.

Conclusion

It’s clear that despite concentrated efforts to curtail the vaping industry, it’s not going anywhere anytime soon. However, recent investigations into how advertising campaigns potentially target children have brought the topic front and center in the mainstream media.

There will likely be significant changes in vape technology and advertising in the coming years. Still, overall it seems highly plausible that their popularity will continue to grow steadily, at least in the short to mid-term.

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Keeping Chickens: How To Feed Your Flock To Increase The Number Of Eggs Collected

October 10, 2022

If you are one of the many people who have decided to raise chickens, then you need to know how to feed them properly. Chickens need a balanced diet in order to lay eggs regularly. If they don’t get the right nutrients, they will stop laying eggs altogether. In this article, we will discuss the different types of food that chickens need and how much of each type they should eat. We will also give you some tips on how to keep your flock healthy and productive!

Consider the breed of chicken when selecting a feed

Some breeds are better at converting food into eggs than others. For example, Rhode Island Reds are known for being good layers of brown eggs, while Leghorns are known for being good layers of white eggs. If you are not sure what breed of chicken you have, ask your local feed store or poultry breeder. They will be able to help you choose the right type of chicken feed for your coop. Moreover, think about the age of your chickens when choosing a feed. Baby chicks need a different type of food than adult chickens do. Make sure to get a feed that is specifically designed for baby chicks. Once they reach adulthood, you can switch them to an all-purpose chicken feed.

Chickens need a balanced diet

Just like humans, chickens need a balanced diet in order to stay healthy and productive. Their diet should consist of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. You can get all of these nutrients from a variety of different sources.

Some good sources of carbohydrates for chickens include grains (such as corn, wheat, and oats), legumes (such as beans and peas), and vegetables (such as carrots, potatoes, and cabbage). Other good sources of protein include meat scraps, fishmeal, and soybean meal. You can also get fat from chicken scratch (which is a mixture of grains and seeds), vegetable oil, and lard. vitamins and minerals, you can either buy them separately or get them from a complete chicken feed.

Chickens need a diet that is high in protein

Protein is essential for chicken development and egg production. A good rule of thumb is to give your chickens a diet that is at least 16% protein. You can find out how much protein your feed contains by looking at the label.

There are many different types of food that you can give your chickens to make sure they get enough protein. Some of the most common include:

Mealworms
Sunflower seeds
Peanuts
Cooked meat scraps
Fish meal
Soybean meal

By using a combination of these different types of food, you can be sure that your chickens are getting all the nutrients they need to lay eggs regularly.

Chickens also need a diet that is high in calcium

Calcium is important for chicken development and egg production. A good rule of thumb is to give your chickens a diet that is at least 16% calcium. You can find out how much calcium your feed contains by looking at the label.

For instance, if you own laying hens, you will want to make sure they have a constant supply of calcium so they can produce strong shells for their eggs. Some of the best sources of calcium for chickens include:

Crushed oyster shells
Eggshells
Dried milk powder
Bone meal

How much should you feed your chickens?

The amount of food that you should give your chickens depends on a few factors, such as their age, breed, and activity level. For example, baby chicks need more food than adult chickens do. As a general rule of thumb, you should give your chickens about one pound of feed per day. This can be divided into two or three meals.

Here are some other things to keep in mind when feeding your chickens:

Chickens should have access to food at all times.
Remove any uneaten food so it doesn’t spoil.
Clean the chicken coop regularly to prevent disease.

Fresh water is also essential for chickens

Chickens need access to fresh water at all times. A good rule of thumb is to give them one gallon of water per day. You can either give them a bowl of water or an automatic waterer. The cons of using a bowl are that it can get dirty quickly. The pros of using an automatic waterer are that it is less likely to get dirty and your chickens will always have access to fresh water. So, if you decide to use an automatic waterer, make sure to clean it regularly.

Be sure to clean the chicken coop regularly

It’s important to keep the chicken coop clean to prevent disease. You should clean it out at least once a week. This involves removing all the old bedding, cleaning the floors and walls, and adding fresh bedding. You should also remove any uneaten food so it doesn’t spoil.

Wearing gloves, a mask, and goggles while cleaning the chicken coop is recommended to protect yourself from bacteria. While you’re cleaning, be sure to check for any signs of illness in your chickens. Some common symptoms include sneezing, watery eyes, diarrhea, etc.

If you notice any of these symptoms, take your chicken to the vet as soon as possible.

Reorganize the coop every few months

It’s also a good idea to reorganize the chicken coop every few months. This involves moving the nesting boxes, perches, and roosts around. This will prevent your chickens from getting bored and will give them a chance to explore their environment. A good idea when reorganizing the coop is to add some new toys, such as a chicken swing or a mirror. This will keep your chickens entertained and help them stay healthy.

Feeding your chickens the right food is essential for their health and egg production. By following these tips, you can make sure your chickens are getting everything they need to lay plenty of eggs. Just be sure to clean the coop regularly and keep an eye out for any signs of illness. With a little bit of care, you can have a healthy flock of chickens that produce plenty of eggs.

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Energy Security, Transition Risks and No Regrets: The Long-Term Strategies of the Oil Majors

October 10, 2022

By Mathieu Blondeel and Mike Bradshaw

Despite the current high price of oil and gas and concerns about energy security, the long-term future of the oil majors looks uncertain, due to global energy system transformation and the need for increasingly bold action on climate change. So, what strategies are the oil majors undertaking to address these challenges and what is next for them as the world confronts the impending challenges of energy security and climate change?

The End of the Oil Age?

Not too long ago, it seemed as if the “end of the oil age” was near.¹ The pandemic and associated economic downturn triggered an unprecedented collapse in global oil demand of around 9 million barrels of oil per day (mb/d), or 9.2 per cent of total daily demand.² The CEO of Shell, one of the largest oil and gas conglomerates in the world, declared that oil demand might never recover from the pandemic. Fast forward two years later and it is clear the oil industry’s obituary was written too soon. Since Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered a “special military operation” in Ukraine in February 2022, supply interruptions have added to a price rally that was already underpinned by a post-pandemic recovery in demand that outpaced production by 2.1 mb/d.³ Consequently, the oil industry is one of the few (big) winners in this new global energy crisis that we find ourselves in. The so-called “oil majors”, the group of the largest publicly traded oil and gas companies (Shell, BP, TotalEnergies, Chevron, and ExxonMobil) reported combined earnings of some US$48 billion in the first quarter of 2022 alone.⁴ Yet, although these companies are benefiting from short-term market turmoil, storm clouds continue to gather over the industry. In recent months, they have had to deal with shareholder revolts, boardroom shake-ups, climate lawsuits, windfall taxes, and contradictory pressures from policymakers. On the one hand, they are now being asked to invest in new fossil fuel supplies and infrastructures to address energy security concerns, while, on the other hand, they are being told to increase their commitment to a net-zero future.

Capital investment in oil and gas reserves, pipelines, refineries, etc. could end up failing to be recovered over the operating lifetime of the asset because of reduced demand and reduced prices.

All of this is happening in a context of global energy system transformation and, as recent extreme weather events across the globe from heatwaves to floods have shown, the increasingly urgent need to act on climate change. This will profoundly reshape the nature of the industry. If we are to achieve the Paris Agreement’s target to limit global temperature increase to 1.5°C, oil consumption must drop 34 per cent this decade. This means leaving 58 per cent of proven oil reserves in the ground. In other words, amid the current turmoil, the oil industry is still facing existential threats.

Climate Change and Transition Risks

One way of understanding these threats is by looking at climate action and energy system transformation through the lens of transition risks, which refers to the financial and business risks associated with the shift toward a low-carbon, climate-friendly economy. This will mean that some sectors of the economy, at some point (and the pace of change is uncertain), will face big changes in asset values or higher costs of doing business as energy transformation progresses. Already, in many parts of the world, renewable generation is the cheapest way to produce electricity. This entails risks not only for the oil industry, but also for a wide range of other stakeholders, including the financial sector.

Like it or not, oil companies – majors, state-owned companies, and independents alike – still have a big role to play in a decarbonising economy.

Capital investment in oil and gas reserves, pipelines, refineries, etc. could end up failing to be recovered over the operating lifetime of the asset because of reduced demand and reduced prices. Some have suggested that the world’s financial markets are therefore carrying a “carbon bubble” similar to the housing bubble that sparked the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. The current calls to invest in new fossil fuel supply may exacerbate this risk if parallel actions accelerate the movement away from fossil fuels in the medium term.

According to a financial think tank, Carbon Tracker, up to US$1 trillion in upstream oil (and gas) assets are now at risk of becoming “stranded”.⁵ Consequently, activists are urging shareholders to divest their investments in fossil fuel companies. In a bid to avoid such stranded assets, in 2021, the total value of oil (and gas) assets up for sale across the industry stood at more than US$140 billion; and that was before Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the decision of multiple Western companies to abandon their Russian operations.⁶

But not all oil companies are the same. Oil giants such as BP, Shell, and ExxonMobil, that are privately owned and publicly traded, are far more vulnerable to these transition risks than their state-owned rivals, such as Saudi Arabia’s Saudi Aramco or Russia’s Rosneft. Why? Because these sit on the largest reserves, have kept the “easy-to-access” and “clean” oil to themselves, and are far less susceptible to public scrutiny, given the enormous rents they generate for their governments and citizens.
The majors are factoring in these threats. Already, back in 2018, Shell warned its shareholders that continued pressure from divestment activists “could have a material adverse effect on the price of [our] securities and ability to access equity capital markets”. Similarly, ExxonMobil noted recently that it has started to “[evaluate] climate change risk in the context of overall enterprise risk, including other operational, strategic, and financial risks”.

How the Oil Majors Strategise for Change

The oil industry deals in capital-intensive projects that pay back over decades. Thus, the oil majors have started to treat climate change and energy system transformation as the existential threats that they are, and they now provide critical impetus to their strategic decision-making. Yet many differences remain among these companies, and it appears that they are not preparing for the same future.

We have developed a useful way of determining similarities and differences in oil major strategy: the “transition strategy continuum”.⁷ It is a framework that helps categorise oil companies’ strategic behaviour in the face of energy system transformation. We identify three such overarching strategies.

First a conservative “core business” strategy that entails a company continuing to focus on oil and gas production as its main activities. We should, however, not conflate this with a “business as usual” approach, as companies pursuing this strategy aim to limit fugitive emissions, and invest in offsetting or carbon capture and storage technology. ExxonMobil and Chevron, the American majors, best exemplify this strategy. ExxonMobil, for example, has shown very little interest in investing in renewable energy. Instead, it has a more persistent focus on emission-reduction technologies, most notably carbon capture and storage and hydrogen.

During the pandemic, ExxonMobil pledged to cut scope one and two emissions – emissions from its operations and the energy it uses to extract oil – by 2025 and to start publishing annual data on its scope three pollution. In 2021, in a surprising turn of events during the annual shareholder meeting, an activist shareholder group succeeded in getting three people elected onto the company’s board. But change remains slow. The company is now expanding investments in fossil fuel production, and recently, CEO Darren Woods declared that soaring global oil prices can be attributed to pressures to accelerate energy system transformation.

The second strategy, that of becoming an “integrated energy company”, has a foot in the camps of both fossil fuels and renewables. Expanding into other domains – electricity, renewables, or low-carbon-technologies – does not come, initially at least, at the expense of the core oil and gas activities of the prospective integrated energy companies. In the long run, it should lead a company to become “net-zero”. This is a strategy that is most clearly followed by the European majors, such as Shell, BP, and TotalEnergies.

Take BP, for example. It first announced its strategy in August 2020. At the time, it aimed to reduce its oil and gas production by 40 per cent compared to 2019 levels. It also aimed to stop exploration in new countries and increase its annual low carbon investment tenfold to around US$5 billion a year by 2030. In its February 2022 strategy update, BP also expects to increase the proportion of its capital expenditure in transition growth businesses to more than 40 per cent by 2025 and is aiming for around 50 per cent by 2030 – quite different from the approach of ExxonMobil.

Third, and finally, there is a strategy of “radical transformation” that entails a complete transition from an oil-centred business into renewables. This, perhaps, is the only strategy that is compatible with the Paris Agreement’s climate objectives. But, so far at least, the only company that has followed this strategy is Ørsted, the Danish majority-state-owned energy company, formerly known as Dong Energy. In just over a decade, it has transformed from a conventional fossil energy company to the world’s largest producer of offshore wind energy, selling off its last oil and gas upstream assets in 2017. But Ørsted was backed by a government and was relatively small compared to the majors.

What’s Next for Oil Majors?

Today, the oil industry has reaped financial benefit as worries over energy security and fuel prices have come to overshadow environmental concerns. But the threats facing the industry are far from neutralised. If anything, in the longer term, they are more than likely to come back with a vengeance if the industry does not adequately prepare for them. Analysis of the different strategies oil majors have adopted shows that some are clearly more prepared than others.

For now, the pressing question is, what should they do with the impressive cash surpluses they are generating? Should they direct that cash to new upstream investments (oil exploration and production), reward shareholders by increasing share buy-backs and dividend pay-outs, or up their capital expenditure in their emerging renewables and low-carbon business? Now, they could afford to do all three at once but, the moment oil prices start to come down, difficult decisions will need to be made. A no-regrets policy likely means staying the course, seeing the current windfalls as a one-off opportunity, possibly the last if the current crisis accelerates the low carbon transition. It is also the case that governments and public are more likely to accept the oil majors’ profits if they use them to promote and prepare for a low-carbon future.

Like it or not, oil companies – majors, state-owned companies, and independents alike – still have a big role to play in a decarbonising economy. The ongoing global energy crisis shows that a decline in supply without a managed reduction of demand runs contrary to the idea of a “just transition”. The poorest, most vulnerable consumers must bear the highest cost, as this leads to short-term fuel price hikes. If left unmanaged, this also risks provoking populist movements, such as the Gilets Jaunes in France, that actively seek to block green policies. The irony is that those green policies look even more affordable in the face of record high oil and gas prices. Finally, the fact that oil and gas revenues, one way or another, are supporting Russia’s war in Ukraine is adding impetus to the need to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels.

At present, the tension is clear to see between the urgency of the climate crisis and the role of oil as “lifeblood” to the global economy. So, the stakes are high. A crisis is never a good time to make long-term decisions, and the question for the oil majors remains whether they can (or care to) reinvent their business models within planetary boundaries or whether they want to go down a path that may, in the short term, increase earnings but would inevitably contribute to catastrophic climate change.

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About the Authors

Mathieu Blondeel is a Research Fellow in the Strategy & International Business Group of the Warwick Business School (UK), where he primarily conducts research on the geopolitics of global energy system transformation.

Michael Bradshaw is Professor of Global Energy at the Warwick Business School (UK). He currently serves as Co-Director of the UK Energy Research Centre.

References

Online available at: https://www.economist.com/leaders/2020/09/17/is-it-the-end-of-the-oil-age
Online available at: https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/1fa45234-bac5-4d89-a532-768960f99d07/Oil_2021-PDF.pdf
Online available at: https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/oils-journey-worthless-pandemic- 100-barrel-2022-02-24/
Online available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/may/13/oil-gas-producers-first- quarter-2022-profits
Online available at: https://carbontracker.org/reports/unburnable-carbon-ten-years-on/full-report/
Online available at: https://www.ft.com/content/4dee7080-3a1b-479f-a50c-c3641c82c142
Blondeel, M. & Bradshaw, M. (2022) Managing transition risk: Toward an interdisciplinary understanding of strategies in the oil industry. Energy Research & Social Science, 91, September 2022. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629622002006

5 Lessons CEOs Can Learn from Entrepreneurs Who Have Been Successful in the Emerging Markets

October 10, 2022

Entrepreneurs in emerging markets have the unique challenge of starting businesses in places lacking proper infrastructure, knowledgeable staff, and an already established sector. They are often forced to be trailblazers in their industries, creating the innovation their countries need.

There’s plenty to be learned by CEOs in developed countries through observing the success of entrepreneurs in these environments. Key business people such as Alibaba’s Jack Ma, Indiabulls and Clivedale’s Sameer Gehlaut, and Telmex’s Carlos Slim Helú have all found their strengths in the emerging markets. Here are the top 5 lessons CEOs can learn from entrepreneurs who have been successful in emerging markets.

Sense of purpose

According to the Harvard Business School, a strong sense of purpose is central to the success of many high-flying businesses in emerging markets. Typically, these entrepreneurs feel a real sense of pride for their work and understand their companies as part of the country’s development efforts. This allows them to both appreciate the impacts of their business on local communities and have a clear moral compass when making decisions.

Indian-based IT company Infosys continues to stay true to its roots despite its global success. In the face of a growing skill gap in the industry, it remains committed to upskilling students across India with its Infosys Springboard programme. The platform is even open to students in Europe, the US, and Australasia. The message is clear on the Infosys website. ‘Our Purpose: To amplify human potential and create the next opportunity for people, businesses, and communities’.

Solving real problems

It may seem common sensical that filling gaps in the market is a way to ensure success. But entrepreneurs in emerging markets have a uniquely perceptive eye when it comes to identifying the problems that need solving and continually monitoring consumer behaviour to find ways to expand and improve their services.

One key example of this is Go-Jek in Indonesia. With traffic proving a huge issue in the capital of Jakarta, it was clear something needed to be done to make sure ordinary people could travel around the city quickly and conveniently. This is what inspired co-founders Nadiem Makarim and Michaelangelo Moran to create the ride-hailing app in 2009.

This is something that Indiabull’s Gehlaut was keen to do with his business. In the past, applying for mortgages in India was an unnecessarily difficult process, and the lack of online options meant that mortgages became inaccessible for those who lived rurally. This is how Gehlaut knew it was time for an online option in 2000. By listening to consumers and filling a gap in the market, Indiabulls has become the country’s biggest mortgage provider.

Deep understanding of the market

Thorough market knowledge is important for all good businesses and is essential for both founding and expanding a company. Makarim of Go-Jek even suggested not listening to experts, and rather to work from gut instinct and real-life experience of the issue your company is trying to address. When expanding to Vietnam and Thailand, he was confident enough to allow local teams to take control of the branding, resulting in the names ‘Go-Viet’ and and ‘Get’ in Vietnam and Thailand respectively.

Paul Srivorakul, founder of multiple successful start-ups in Thailand, used his extensive knowledge of the Thai advertising market to build a sorely needed media company in the country. Combined with his expertise in tech, he was able to expand into the Philippines despite a very small starting budget and a lack of resources – he even rented desks in larger companies to convince clients to sign with him.

Humility

Co-founder of Go-Jek, Nadiem Makarim, believes that understanding the role luck has to play in success and prioritising your people and the wider objective over yourself are the keys to avoiding complacency in business. This idea of humility might not be traditionally associated with successful CEOs, but Forbes agrees that a healthy level of humility keeps your staff engaged and on-side. It also helps keep leaders aware of the weaknesses that require attention, encouraging constant improvement and reflection.

Experimentation

Experimentation and bravery to try new things are at the heart of innovation, and entrepreneurs in emerging markets are particularly good at harnessing these attributes. Given that many startups in these countries are dealing with difficult working conditions caused by poor infrastructure and a lack of funding, leaders need to be creative and bold in their ambition.

GB Agboola, founder and CEO of the Nigerian fintech company Flutterwave, argues in his interview with McKinsey that businesses need to be prepared to take the leap of faith and put forward ideas that are out of the ordinary. This also involves admitting that failure is a possibility, and recognising that failure is sometimes a better lesson than success.

The emerging markets can be some of the most hostile environments to start a business, yet they also have huge potential waiting to be unlocked. Entrepreneurs in these regions are constantly innovating, challenging the status quo, and bringing the best out of their communities. The energy and passion they bring to the table offers a host of valuable lessons for CEOs across the globe.

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4 Companies That Were Started by Co-founders

October 9, 2022

Why are so many companies formed with more than one founder? Why share the success?

When a company is founded by co-founders, it has the added benefit of having two highly invested entrepreneurs that can bring together different outlooks, methodologies, interests, skills, and talents.

The company also gets double the input in terms of time and energy, and even more when there are several founders. Founders can share the workload, for example, one founder can focus on sourcing new investment and deal making, while the other can focus on hiring the right team and forming marketing strategy. The workload can also be divided with the founders’ skillsets in mind, meaning all founding partners are put to best use. It also allows the founders to combine their energy and come up with ideas and solutions that one founder alone may not have been able to.

Keep reading to learn about four highly successful companies with excellent co-founder stories.

P&G

William Procter and James Gamble co-founded the consumer goods giant P&G all the way back in 1837. Contrary to what you might think, this fruitful collaboration wasn’t their own idea.

Procter was a candle maker and Gamble produced soap. They were both content with their own entrepreneurial projects. Their only connection was through their wives, Olivia and Elizabeth Norris, who were sisters. One day Procter and Gamble’s shared father-in-law pointed out to them that they were competing for local resources in the making of their products – animal fat and oil. He suggested they combine forces and merge the business.

They took up his advice and combined their businesses, as well as their initials, giving us P&G. Today, with headquarters in Cincinnati, Ohio, the company operates in 180 countries and over 5 billion people use their products. That’s over 60% of the world’s population using the products of this one company that came about almost by accident.

The company specialises in consumer goods from health and beauty products to fabric and home care. In 2021 P&G saw global net earnings of roughly 14.31 billion U.S. dollars.

Indiabulls

Another example of how successful co-founded companies can be is Indiabulls. The company was founded in 2000 in India by IIT Delhi classmates Sameer Gehlaut, Saurabh Mittal and Rajiv Rattan. The trio worked together to help mortgages be more accessible to Indian people, as getting mortgages had long been a complex and time-consuming process.

To achieve this, they provided India’s first ever mortgages which were based around online applications. From their small beginnings in Delhi, working in a small tin roof office with only two computers, Indiabulls grew to be the biggest mortgage broker in India.

The diversity of skills which came with having three founders became particularly useful as the business began to scale. In 2014, they split their responsibilities across the several divisions that they had established, designating their power and energy-related branches to Mittal and Rattan whilst designating the home loans and financial services sectors to Gehlaut.

Microsoft

Everyone has heard of Microsoft and Bill Gates, but few people are aware that the company was co-founded by Bill Gates and his business partner Paul Allen in April 1975.

Today, Microsoft is valued at over $1 trillion. But the beginnings of this company are much humbler. Gates and Allen were childhood friends and one day decided to create a business using their shared computer programming skills. They founded Traf-O-Data, which sold a basic computer that could track and analyse automobile traffic data. They later produced a basic interpreter for Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry System’s (MITS) newest microcomputer and MITS loved what they had to offer. From here they founded Microsoft, quickly moving into the operating system business and before long they were a huge success.

But with success, can come controversy and conflict, especially in a co-founder relationship. Allen later developed Hodgkin’s disease, and he resigned from Microsoft shortly after. He claimed, through his book Idea Man: A Memoir by the Co-founder of Microsoft, that Gates had wanted to dilute his share in the company when he was diagnosed as claimed he wasn’t working hard enough.

Def Jam recordings

Lastly, let’s look at a co-founded company in the business of music – Def Jam Recordings. This company has an unlikely co-founder relationship at its heart. Def Jam was founded by Rick Rubin and Russell Simmons. It is unusual because Rubin was in a punk rock band and Simmons was the manager of the well-famed hip-hop group Run-D.M.C.

While they created music in two very different genres, they made for a great team and Def Jam came to be one of the world’s most successful record labels. The two first met at a party and instantly became good friends, starting up a record label together out of Rubin’s dorm room.

They founded the label in 1984 and just two years later they released Beastie Boy’s debut album, Licensed to Ill, which went on to become the top-selling hip-hop album in that decade.

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How Proactive 24/7 Support Can Help Accelerate Your Business Potential?

October 9, 2022

Almost 68% of consumers have a better image of companies after obtaining proactive warnings. Any digital business recognizes the importance of a solid customer base.

Remember, they have a name to protect. One bad review on the Internet might completely turn off potential buyers. A firm should invest in proactive customer service to satisfy customers.

Many firms forget to provide customer support after hours. Customers demand ongoing service and prompt response. Small and large enterprises must provide 24/7 support. Those who can live up to that standard will be rewarded handsomely.

What Is 24/7 Support?

Offering round-the-clock help to consumers is essential. And here, “whenever” implies any given time of day, night, week, month, or year. Using digital platforms to interact with your customers is a crucial part of this.

Your customers deserve nothing less than stellar service from you. A rise in thought has come about due to the ease with which knowledge can now be shared. You will need outside help to meet these criteria.

Live chat, chatbots for self-help, and 24/7 chat are methods to give outstanding customer support. With 24/7 support, customers’ concerns about using any tools along with other issues, will be addressed immediately. Clear communication and a proactive attitude toward customer issues should always be prioritized. With “24/7 application support”, key, customer-facing applications are constantly monitored. They have a team of competent full-stack developers (.NET, PHP, and JAVA) located worldwide who are on call around the clock.

After their difficulties are fixed, consumers are less inclined to look elsewhere. Rapid customer satisfaction via 24/7 application support will increase loyalty and retention. Know that when clients are satisfied, they tend not to shop elsewhere.

A Quick Explanation of “Proactive” Customer Service

Proactive customer service involves contacting customers before they complain. It’s one method that companies may show they care for their consumers and make them happy. Asking “Who takes the first move” is the most excellent way to determine whether your company provides the finest customer service.

If the answer is “customers,” then you should develop plans to provide them with proactive 24/7 support.

What Advantages Does Proactive Service Provide to Your Business?

1. Instant Help and 24/7 Application Support Are Preferred

There may be several occasions in a customer’s journey when they need answers immediately. Suppose a consumer has a query about your company’s application that might influence their purchase choice. If they are unhappy with your service, they may resort to a competition that can give rapid remedies.

High-quality, 24/7 customer service may boost your brand’s reputation. Even though virtual assistants provide the service, solid customer support through real people is still required.

Listening to your consumers is crucial to running a successful company.

Chatbots can cut wait times and simplify worker expectations depending on your business and clientele. 24/7 support offers real-time customer service along with chatbots.

2. It’s Best to Deal With Issues Before They Become Major Ones

The adage “prevention is better than cure” rings properly in this case. 24/7 customer service is like taking preemptive actions to avert difficulties. The 24/7 application support is available to help your customers with any minor issues they may have.

This approach may keep your consumer base while containing a problem. A dissatisfied customer may emerge from an ignored, apparently minor query. So, include live chat since it might provide your company an advantage.

3. Enhancement of Loyalty

It’s not only about keeping existing customers that loyalty serves. If a customer advocates for your business, they may become one. The client endorses your brand (68% will do so based on pleasant encounters).

Your service may convince them to promote your business on social media, blogs, and websites. In the end, this will result in more people visiting your website.

Digitizing company communications may enhance consumer loyalty and brand advocacy. Consider a loyalty program along with 24/7 application support for these customers.

4. Develop Consumer Confidence in the Brand

Open communication must be a priority to improve customer service. If you engage consumers early about an issue, they will expect you to address it before they call.

5. Boosts Efficiency in the Workplace

Proactive services can save time and money on full-time support workers. In any event, this is because it helps to increase workplace productivity. Hire employees who can see issues before they affect customers. It increases corporate production while reducing multiple-channel customer service questions.

Along with these advantages, you also have access to:

Learn about the issues that are bothering your customers.
Allow yourself plenty of time to come up with a thorough answer.
Make your consumers feel special.

6. Distinguish Yourself From the Competition

Being available 24/7 may also help your company’s sales and profits. If customers call outside of business hours and get voice mail, they may go on. You just lost the opportunity to make a transaction, perhaps giving a consumer to a rival business.

Customers in need won’t wait around for you to open up shop in the morning if they can help it. They won’t be leaving a voicemail and waiting by the phone for a response. They will always choose the business that answers their inquiry the fastest.

7. Budget-Friendly Approach

Your spending and savings on 24/7 support will decrease without a doubt. If you outsource your IT assistance, you will pay just for the help you need. There won’t be any surprise fees. Additionally, constant, proactive service provider support and upkeep.

8. Interactions Through Various Channels of Transmission

Round-the-clock IT support helps customers and partners report and fix problems. Customers should have a phone, email, online chat, and a ticketing system.

9. 24/7 Support Improves Sales Conversions

Half of the consumers say they need access to a natural person when purchasing. Responding quickly is vital to improving conversion rate by reducing the sales cycle. More revenue and satisfied customers will result from a quicker response time.

How can offering live chat service around the clock help businesses?

Customers are more likely to choose swiftly if their sales inquiries are handled promptly. Availability increases transaction completion and shortens the sales cycle.

10. Increased Brand Recognition and Favorability

Brand recognition and goodwill may be cultivated in several ways. The nature of your firm will also determine the method you choose.

For instance, a business that caters to other companies would depend more heavily on cold email advertising than a consumer-facing one. The determining element will be the quality of your client service.

How customers rate your whole service affects your business’s popularity and respect. Retention, loyalty, and improved conversions result from excellent customer service. Always being available to customers shows professionalism and attention to their happiness.

11. Prioritize Satisfying Your Customers With First-Rate Service

Providing satisfied clients should be the primary goal of every company. Your customers’ satisfaction is tied to the degree of customer care you provide. And the availability of your support team and the speed with which problems are resolved are critical.

Identify client issues to employ the relevant resources and procedures. Broad and technical problems need visual understanding, which you can get from 24/7 application support.

12. To Satisfy Consumer Demand

To compete on the international stage, you must adopt a truly global set of standards. To maximize global sales, you must be accessible to consumers in all nations. Unless you have a unique service, clients will go elsewhere if you don’t offer 24/7 support.

Existing technology and automation may quickly meet market expectations. High-definition conference calls and other technology make it simple to keep teams together.

Conclusion

Without 24/7 customer service, your business might suffer. If you want to succeed rapidly, you need a strategy to be available to clients 24/7. Thus, don’t wait to start planning.

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More Global Forex Turmoil Ahead

October 9, 2022

By Dan Steinbock

As if the world economy would need another crisis trigger, global foreign exchange markets are in historical turmoil. Over time, it can’t be contained without a more diversified global reserve currency system.

According to Bloomberg, global foreign currency reserves have fallen some 7.8% to $12 trillion this year; a decline of $1 trillion, or more than in almost two decades, when Bloomberg began to compile its data.

The plunge reflects the frantic activity of central banks across the world as they struggle to intervene and support ailing currencies. In late September, the euro coped with its 20-year low against the US dollar.

Meanwhile, the British pound suffered its all-time low vis-à-vis the greenback. Recently, the pound has recovered some of the lost ground, as has the euro. But new pressures will ensue as the Fed will continue its tightening.

In September, Japan spent some $20 billion to slow the yen’s slide in its first intervention to boost the currency since 1998. That’s 19% of the loss of reserves this year. Still, the yen has already lost a fifth of its value this year, which could prove its worst since 1970. Meanwhile, Japan’s gross debt as percentage of the GDP could soar close to 270% by the year-end; the highest among major advanced economies – and most vulnerable to a crisis that would have global repercussions.

Emerging Asia has not been immune to these pressures.

Korea’s plunge, India’s all-time low, China’s dual story

In September, Korean foreign reserves amounted to $417 billion, having taken a $20 billion hit from the previous month. That’s the fastest on-month decline since the West’s financial crisis in October 2008.

In India, forex reserves have tumbled $96 billion this year to $538 billion. The pressures are accelerating as inflation is rising and the Fed’s hikes continue.

While currency depreciation can benefit exporters, it tends to foster capital flight and imported inflation, both of which are spreading in emerging Asia. Hence, too, the plunge of India’s forex reserves by $110 billion in the last 13 months and the rupee’s all-time low against the greenback.

At the end of September, Reuters reported that Chinese state-owned banks are preparing to sell dollars and buy yuan to boost the local currency. The yuan has fallen 11% against the dollar and could finish the year with its biggest decline against the greenback since 1994.

Yet, the dollar pressures tell only a part of the story. China’s central bank is increasingly managing the yuan against the currencies of a broad group of major trading partners, not just against the greenback. Despite its decline vis-à-vis the dollar, the yuan has appreciated against the euro, the yen and other major currencies.

Today, forex volatility is not a mainly economic issue. It also reflects geopolitical objectives.

Huge forex interventions

As the world economy is teetering at the edge of still another global recession, the Fed’s belated and aggressive tightening is causing huge monetary shocks in the world economy.

While the magnitude of the decline of global forex reserves is massive, the efforts to exploit reserves to protect currencies are nothing new. Nevertheless, these huge forex interventions take place in the most challenging economic and geopolitical moment since World War II, due to a series of shocks:

the failure of global recovery since 2017, as a result of US protectionism and misguided trade wars
the subsequent Covid-19 pandemic and the accompanying global depression and the consequent lost years in many countries
over a decade of huge fiscal stimulus packages, ultra-low rates and rounds of quantitative easing in the West
the ensuing debt crises in many middle- and low-income countries
the US-led NATO war against Russia in Ukraine, which has led to global energy and food shocks and the worst nuclear crisis since 1962

If the Fed sticks to its “dot plot,” interest rates could reach 4.4% by December, above 3.4% projected in June, and rise to 4.6% next year. As a result, the peso could slide to an all-time low of about 62 against the US dollar later in the year. Just as the global forex turmoil could prevail until the first quarter of 2023.

Even if the buoyant dollar will make the US a more expensive place to produce, it will affect America less severely than its trading partners, mainly because US trade is almost entirely invoiced in dollars.

But what will happen when the dollar’s surge against other major currencies will eclipse? Some previous big run-ups in the dollar’s value, particularly in the mid-1980s and early 2000s, were eventually followed by sharp declines. And this time could prove worse.

A rising dollar is neither stabilizing nor strong

After two decades of postwar recovery in Western Europe and Japan, US began to suffer from huge trade deficits. In 1971, President Nixon ended unilaterally the convertibility of the dollar to gold, which resulted in a price shock that reverberated across the world.

As gold no longer offered a yardstick for value, the perception of value replaced value itself.

Since the 1970s, three periods of dollar surges have been followed by periods of decline that have caused much international collateral damage. Each of these surges reflects progressive relative erosion of the dollar. When the dollar surged with sky-high rates in the early 1980s, US sovereign debt was still less than 40% of America’s GDP. With the surge in the early 2000s, the ratio was hovering around 55%. That prevailed until the 2008 crisis, which was overcome with massive debt-taking that pushed the ratio beyond 100% in the early 2010s.

Then came the pandemic and the Biden administration’s irresponsible fiscal policies and now the ratio exceeds 137% of US GDP (more than twice as high than the Philippines’ 62%). As the trendline will accelerate in the coming years, the ratio could double by 2050 (Figure).

Figure U.S. dollar Index and debt-to-GDP ratio

Source: TradingEconomics; Difference Group

Toward the crisis

Today, US debt per GDP is where that of Italy was in the early 2010s, right before Rome’s debt crisis. Here’s the problem: The Italian lira is irrelevant in international transactions, but US dollar isn’t.

The presumed strength of the U.S. dollar no longer relies on America’s economic fundamentals, but on a perception that such fundamentals prevail, despite drastic shifts in the world economy.

U.S. dollar is no longer a sustained safe haven, but a temporary safe house. And that’s why the day of reckoning is no longer a matter of principle, just a matter of time.

Based on Dr Steinbock’s global briefing of Oct. 7, 2022

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About the Author

Dr. Dan Steinbock is an internationally recognized strategist of the multipolar world and the founder of Difference Group. He has served at India, China and America Institute (US), Shanghai Institutes for International Studies (China) and the EU Center (Singapore). For more, see https://www.differencegroup.net/

Top Proptech Security Trends Every Multifamily CRE Investor and Agent Should Know

October 9, 2022

Investment in proptech reached $20 billion in 2020. If you’re investing in multifamily real estate, you need access to the top proptech security technologies to improve the tenant experience, which will help you to retain and attract tenants.

So, what are the best proptech security trends?

Keep reading as we discuss the top proptech security trends that improve hygiene, security, and visitor check-in at your multifamily commercial real estate properties.

Many US and Canadian cities like the Vancouver housing market in BC, continue to have increased demand for security in the multifamily rental market as populations grow and urban density increases.

Top Proptech Security Trends For Multifamily CRE

You need to know about the latest proptech security trends to provide your tenants with the best user experience – encouraging improved retention rates and generating more leads. Here, we will discuss the top proptech security trends for multifamily CRE investors and agents.

Touchless And Hygiene-Based Technology

When the pandemic began, businesses were faced with an urgent need to implement tools and technologies that promoted hygienic practices. Property investors must also consider hygiene as a priority.

Your tenants must feel that their building managers have their best interests and prioritize their health and safety. This is why you should consider investing in touchless and hygiene-based technologies.

Touchless and hygiene-based security technologies reduce the number of touchpoints your tenants must come into contact with as they move throughout the building daily. These touchpoints include door handles, pin pads, elevator buttons, and banisters.

You can implement antimicrobial surfaces to reduce the spread of germs on banisters, door handles, and elevator buttons, or you can implement touchless technologies.

Touchless door access control is the top feature for multi-family residential security solutions. The system uses digital access credentials, which your tenants can download and store on their mobile devices.

When they need to enter the building, they don’t have to touch a swipe pad or pin pad; all they need to do is wave their hand over the reader. The motion of their hand will trigger remote communication, allowing them to enter with their mobile credentials. They can enter even if the device is stored in their pocket or bag.

Some of the other benefits of implementing touchless access technology include:

Your tenants can enter the building with their hands complete.
Building managers can use a mobile application for workers and tenants to operate door locks.
You reduce expenses caused by keycard and fob replacement.

Temperature Reading

Some touchless access control providers implement automated temperature reading at your building’s entrance. If the tenant, visitor, or contractor has a high fever, the system will restrict their access, and you can handle the incident at your discretion. It is essential to keep your building secure from symptomatic individuals and consider tenant health a number one priority.

You might also consider implementing wellness verification at your entrance to detect other symptoms as users enter the building.

Integrated Security Technologies

With a cloud-based and touchless access control comes the opportunity for open API integration. You can enhance the function of your existing security investments by establishing an integrated system. Some of the best integrations for multifamily residences include:

Visitor management software – your tenants will have visitors. You need to document these visitors accurately to aid in an investigation should a crime occur on the property. You can automate the visitor management process with visitor management software. When visitors need to enter the building, they must fill out a digital form on their mobile device. Once they have entered their details, they will gain temporary access credentials to enter the building. When they leave, these credentials are revoked, and the system logs them out automatically for more accurate visitor logs.
Integrated video and access control – if a third party steals access credentials, you can ensure they can’t enter the building by integrating access control and commercial video surveillance systems. A video intercom reader has built-in video surveillance and access control for easier identity verification at your building’s entrance, increasing tenant security.
Wellness verification – you can perform health checks at your building’s entrance by implementing health surveys. Wellness verification software requires users to fill out forms about their symptoms before entering the building, restricting access for symptomatic individuals.

Automated Building Management Triggers

You can automate building management triggers based on access control events in your building. If a tenant enters a room, this will trigger the lighting, heating, and appliances in the room to switch on automatically. Connecting your building’s devices to the internet of things allows you to integrate this technology with access control.

Cloud-Based Security Technology

Cloud-based security technology provides a more user-friendly security experience for CRE investors and property managers. This is because it solves many issues regarding scalability with on-premise security systems.

With an on-premise system, scalability is extremely challenging. It requires a security installation expert to collaborate with building management on implementing detailed wiring systems that connect all security devices to servers and security hardware. If the property has more than one building, scalability becomes increasingly difficult.

On-premise systems also require maintenance, and system updates must be installed by an engineer visiting your location in person. The servers for the system will likely occupy a lot of space in your building.

A cloud-based security system offers more scalability because it requires minimal wiring – the system connects via network access, ensuring that property managers can adapt and evolve the system as its security needs grow.

A cloud-based system also permits over-the-air updates and troubleshooting that eliminate the need to manage visits from engineers and wait for their arrival – which could increase your system downtime. Since most of the data for a cloud-based security system is hosted on the cloud, the system requires less hardware and is more streamlined to save space.

Integrating Cyber And Physical Security

When you opt for cloud-based security technologies, it is essential to consider cybersecurity. If the remote operation features of your security system were accessible to a third party, this could put your tenants’ safety at risk. You can no longer consider cyber and physical security as distinct and separate entities. So, consider integrating cybersecurity software with your cloud-based security system and merging IT and physical security teams to improve overall security.

Summary

If you’re looking to revolutionize security and building management for your commercial multifamily real estate investments, consider cloud-based security. Cloud-based security allows property managers to integrate hygiene-based solutions and smoother visitor check-in. You could also save significant energy by automating building management triggers based on security events.

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Insider Tips And Tricks On Purchasing Gold Online

October 8, 2022

Purchasing gold online can be a daunting task, but with a few insider tips and tricks, you can be sure to get the best quality gold for your money. Here are a few things to keep in mind when making your purchase.

Do Your Research

When getting gold, it is important to do your research on the different types of gold available as well as the different vendors. There are many different purity levels of gold, and each one will be priced differently. You will also want to make sure you are buying from a reputable vendor. A good way to start your research is by reading online reviews of different vendors. Goldcore is one of the most trusted and reputable vendors available.

Know The Difference Between Gold Coins And Bullion

One mistake that many people make when buying gold is not knowing the difference between gold coins and bullion. Gold coins are legal tender that has been minted by governments, and they usually have a higher purity level than bullion. Bullion, on the other hand, is gold that has not been minted into coins but is instead sold in bars or ingots. When buying gold, you will usually have the option to buy either coins or bullion. It is important to know the difference so that you can make an informed decision about what type of gold you want to purchase.

Get A Guarantee

When purchasing gold, it is important to make sure that you are getting a guarantee from the vendor. This guarantee should cover the purity and weight of the gold you are receiving. It is also important to make sure that the vendor has a return policy in case you are not satisfied with your purchase. A good vendor has no problem providing you with a guarantee and a return policy.

Make Sure The Product Has The Hallmark

When you are looking at different types of gold, you will notice that some of them have a hallmark and some do not. The hallmarks are usually a stamp that indicates that the gold has been through a specific process and meets certain standards. When purchasing online gold, you should always make sure that the product you are interested in has the hallmark. This will ensure that you are getting a quality product.

Talk To A Professional

If you are still feeling unsure about getting online gold, you can always talk to a professional. There are many companies that deal with gold, and they will be able to help you make an informed decision about your purchase. Talking to a professional will also give you the opportunity to ask any questions that you may have about the process.

Ask Around People Who Have Already Bought GoldOnline

If you know someone who has already purchased gold online, they may be a great resource for information. They can tell you about their experience with different vendors and give you advice on what to look for when making your purchase. Asking around is a great way to get unbiased information about getting gold.

Don’t Believe In Rumours

There are a lot of rumors surrounding gold, and it is important that you do not believe everything you hear. Some people will try to take advantage of the fact that you are interested in buying gold and will give you false information in order to get your money. Be wary of anyone who tells you that you can make a lot of money by buying gold online.

Conclusion

Purchasing gold online can be a great way to get high-quality gold at a lower price than what you would pay at a brick-and-mortar store. However, it is important to do your research and know what you are buying before making your purchase. With these insider tips, you can be sure to get the best quality gold for your money.

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