As geopolitical tensions rise, Germany is undergoing a historic shift in military policy. The Bundeswehr, long plagued by underinvestment, is now at the center of Chancellor Friedrich Merz’s bold defense strategy.
The 2022 invasion of Ukraine shattered Europe’s post-Cold War stability, prompting Germany’s Zeitenwende—a turning point in defense policy. Former Chancellor Olaf Scholz initiated a €100 billion modernization fund, but bureaucratic delays hindered progress. Merz has accelerated reforms, including lifting Germany’s constitutional debt brake, unlocking billions for defense. If spending reaches 3.5% of GDP over the next decade, Germany could invest €600 billion in its military, levels unseen since the Cold War.
Brig. Gen. Ralf Hammerstein stressed the urgency of Germany’s military resurgence: “Germany is a responsible European partner. We must step up.” However, challenges remain. A report by Parliamentary Commissioner Eva Högl highlights recruitment shortfalls, outdated infrastructure, and a need for €67 billion in upgrades.
Historically, Germany’s defense spending has fluctuated—peaking at 4.9% of GDP in 1963, plummeting to 1.1% by 2005. Only in 2024 did Germany meet NATO’s 2% spending requirement. Now, Merz aims to surpass that, ensuring national security.
Public opinion is shifting. A recent ARD poll found 66% of Germans support higher military spending, while 59% back borrowing to fund defense. A key debate is whether to reinstate mandatory military service, abolished in 2011. Hammerstein, once a conscript, argues obligatory service is vital for recruitment: “Some form of service must return to increase our numbers.”
Despite logistical and political hurdles, Merz remains resolute. “Germany is back,” he declared. “We are committed to defending freedom and peace in Europe.” With global tensions mounting, Germany’s military overhaul signals a new era—one that will define its role in European security for decades to come.
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