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Are there Part-time or Full-time RN Jobs in Indianapolis?

Close-up hand image of a serious patient having a medical consultation with a professional doctor at a hospital

Indianapolis is calling all Registered Nurses! Considering a fresh start or eager to jump into a bustling healthcare scene? This Midwestern gem might be your ideal match.  The city’s growing population and emphasis on preventive care fuel a steady demand for RNs and CNAs.

CNA and RN jobs in Indianapolis are plentiful, with hospitals and clinics constantly seeking skilled and dedicated nurses. This blog explores the exciting world of RN opportunities in Indianapolis, delving into both part-time and full-time options. We’ll also share helpful tips to land the perfect RN jobs in Indianapolis that align with your career aspirations.

Understanding the Role of Registered Nurses (RNs)

RNs are the backbone of the medical field, playing a pivotal role in patient care. They assess patients’ conditions, administer medications, develop care plans, educate patients and their families, and collaborate with doctors and other healthcare professionals. RNs can specialize in various areas like pediatrics, critical care, oncology, or emergency medicine, allowing them to tailor their careers to their specific interests and skill sets.

Exploring the Job Market in Indianapolis

Indianapolis is a major healthcare hub in the Midwest, home to renowned medical institutions like Indiana University Health and Methodist Health. With a rapidly aging population and an increasing focus on preventative care, the demand for RN and CNA jobs in Indianapolis is expected to remain strong in the foreseeable future. This translates to a promising job market for RNs of all experience levels, whether you’re a seasoned professional or a recent graduate eager to launch your nursing career.

Part-time RN Jobs in Indianapolis

1. Advantages

Part-time RN jobs in Indianapolis offer several advantages, especially for nurses seeking more flexibility in their schedules. They can be ideal for individuals who have family obligations, are pursuing further education, or simply want a better work-life balance. Part-time RN jobs in Indianapolis can also be a good way to ease back into the workforce after a break or explore different specialties before committing to a full-time role.

2. Types

Part-time RN jobs in Indianapolis come in various forms. Some hospitals and clinics offer traditional part-time schedules, typically consisting of 20-30 hours per week. Others might have per-diem roles, where you work as needed to fill staffing gaps. There are also opportunities for weekend-only or evening shifts, catering to nurses who prefer specific working hours.

3. How to Find

Several avenues can lead you to part-time RN jobs in Indianapolis. Hospitals and medical centers often advertise part-time openings on their websites. Online travel nurse agencies can connect you with short-term, part-time assignments at various healthcare facilities. Additionally, online travel recruitment platforms can be a valuable resource for searching for part-time RN jobs in Indianapolis.

Full-time RN Jobs in Indianapolis

1. Advantages

Full-time RN jobs in Indianapolis typically offer greater stability, including benefits packages like health insurance, paid time off, and retirement plans. They also provide the opportunity to develop strong relationships with patients, colleagues, and doctors, fostering a sense of continuity and professional growth. Full-time schedules can be ideal for RNs who thrive in fast-paced environments and enjoy a structured work routine.

2. Types

Full-time RN and CNA jobs in Indianapolis encompass a wide range. Hospitals employ RNs in various departments like emergency rooms, intensive care units, surgical suites, and medical-surgical floors. Outpatient clinics, doctor’s offices, and long-term care facilities also require full-time RNs to provide care to patients in different settings.

3. How to Find

Similar to part-time positions, you can find full-time RN jobs in Indianapolis by searching the career pages of hospitals and medical centers in Indianapolis. Online nurse recruiting agencies can be a great resource for connecting with healthcare facilities seeking full-time RNs.

Requirements & Qualifications for RN Jobs in Indianapolis

To land RN and CNA jobs in Indianapolis, you’ll need to have a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree from an accredited program and pass the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN). Many employers also prefer candidates with certifications in specific areas like critical care or emergency nursing. Beyond these core qualifications, strong communication, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills are essential for success in the field.

Tips for Landing Part-time or Full-time RN Jobs in Indianapolis

Here are some helpful tips to enhance your job search for RN positions in Indianapolis:

  • Craft a Compelling Resume and Cover Letter: Highlight your relevant skills, experience, and certifications. Tailor your application materials to each specific position you apply for.
  • Network with Other RNs: Connect with nurses already working in Indianapolis. Their insights and advice can be invaluable in navigating the local job market.
  • Prepare for Job Interviews: Research the healthcare facility and the specific position you’re interviewing for. Practice answering common interview questions and be prepared to articulate your strengths and career goals.

Unlock Your RN Adventure with Wanderly

The diverse range of healthcare facilities, combined with a growing demand for skilled nurses, creates a promising job market for RNs in Indianapolis. If you’re a qualified RN eager to explore your options in Indianapolis, consider utilizing online job boards or connecting with nurse recruiting agencies specializing in placing RNs in top healthcare facilities.

For travel nurses seeking lucrative RN and CNA jobs in Indianapolis, a valuable resource to consider is Wanderly. This innovative marketplace allows you to browse RN jobs in Indianapolis from various healthcare providers in Indianapolis, compare pay packages, and directly apply for positions that align with your qualifications and preferences.

With Wanderly, you can leverage the exciting opportunities in Indianapolis’ healthcare scene while enjoying the flexibility and freedom that travel nursing offers. Begin your search today!

Essential Tips for Launching Your First PPC Campaign

Pay per click

Embarking on your first Pay-Per-Click (PPC) campaign can be both exciting and daunting. PPC advertising offers a powerful way to drive targeted traffic to your website, generate leads, and increase sales. However, without proper planning and knowledge, your efforts might not yield the desired results. This guide will walk you through the essential things you need to know before launching your first PPC campaign, ensuring you are well-prepared to achieve success.

Understanding PPC Basics

Before diving into your first PPC campaign, it’s crucial to grasp the fundamentals. PPC advertising involves paying for ads that appear on search engines or other platforms, with costs incurred only when a user clicks on your ad. Familiarize yourself with key terms like Cost Per Click (CPC), Click-Through Rate (CTR), and Quality Score. Understanding these concepts will help you set realistic expectations and measure the effectiveness of your campaign. Additionally, learning about different PPC platforms such as Google Ads, Bing Ads, and social media PPC options will help you choose the right platform for your business. Knowing the differences between search ads, display ads, and remarketing campaigns can also influence your strategy and target audience effectively.

Setting Clear Goals

Defining clear and measurable goals is the foundation of a successful PPC campaign. What do you aim to achieve with your campaign? Whether it’s increasing website traffic, generating leads, or boosting sales, having specific goals will guide your strategy and help you track progress. Establishing Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) such as conversion rate, return on ad spend (ROAS), and cost per acquisition (CPA) will enable you to evaluate the success of your campaign accurately. It’s important to set both short-term and long-term goals, as well as to consider the customer journey and how your PPC efforts fit into the broader marketing strategy. Regularly reviewing and adjusting these goals as your campaign progresses will ensure they remain aligned with your business objectives.

Conducting Thorough Keyword Research

Keyword research is a critical step in PPC advertising. Identifying the right keywords ensures your ads reach the most relevant audience. Utilize tools like Google Keyword Planner, SEMrush, and Ahrefs to discover high-performing keywords related to your business. Focus on a mix of broad and long-tail keywords to capture a diverse audience. Additionally, consider negative keywords to filter out irrelevant traffic, thereby optimizing your ad spend. It’s also beneficial to analyze competitor keywords and understand industry trends to identify gaps and opportunities. Effective keyword research not only improves the relevance and Quality Score of your ads but also helps in creating more targeted and effective ad groups.

Designing Effective Landing Pages

An effective landing page is crucial for converting clicks into actions, especially when using professional PPC packages that can help your company quite a lot. Ensure that your landing page aligns with the ad copy and provides a seamless user experience. Key elements of a successful landing page include a clear headline, engaging visuals, concise and persuasive content, and a strong CTA. The landing page should load quickly and be optimized for both desktop and mobile devices to prevent high bounce rates. A/B testing different landing page elements, such as headlines, images, and CTAs, can help you identify what works best for your audience and optimize your conversion rate. Additionally, using heatmaps and user behavior analytics can provide insights into how visitors interact with your landing page, allowing for further optimization.

Setting a Budget and Bidding Strategy

Budgeting and bidding are vital components of your PPC campaign. Determine your overall budget and allocate it strategically across different campaigns and ad groups. Choose a bidding strategy that aligns with your campaign goals, whether it’s manual bidding, automated bidding, or a combination of both. Regularly monitor your spending to ensure you stay within budget and adjust bids based on performance data to maximize ROI. Consider factors such as peak times for your target audience, geographic locations, and device preferences when setting bids.

Analyzing and Optimizing Campaign Performance

Continuous analysis and optimization are key to the success of your PPC campaign. Utilize analytics tools to track important metrics such as CTR, conversion rate, and CPC. Regularly review your campaign performance and identify areas for improvement. Adjust your keywords, ad copy, and bidding strategy based on data insights. Implementing A/B testing and making data-driven decisions will help you refine your campaign and achieve better results over time. It’s also important to monitor competitor activities and industry trends to stay ahead in the market.

Launching your first PPC campaign can be a rewarding endeavor if approached with the right knowledge and strategy. Take the time to plan meticulously, monitor your progress, and make adjustments as needed to ensure your PPC campaign delivers the desired outcomes. With dedication and a strategic approach, your first PPC campaign can pave the way for future digital marketing successes and significantly contribute to the growth of your business.

The Presidential Debate That Wasn’t

Presidential Debate That Wasn’t

By Jack Rasmus

Very little was revealed by either candidate during the debate as to how they planned to deal with the voters’ top issues of War and the Economy. 

In the days immediately following the first US presidential debate between Joe Biden and Donald Trump, countless analyses have appeared. Nearly all have focused on the candidates’ delivery, less on what they said, and almost nothing about what should have been but was not said. 

Trump was obviously coached by his team to tone down the personal insults, which he mostly did, and scored some policy points while making dozens of false or unverified statements in the process. Meanwhile, as the general media analysis has also gone, Biden’s delivery was a disaster. As one well known TV commentator called it: “a slow motion car accident”. 

The CNN host network’s post-debate analysis panel was particularly critical. At least initially. In the post-debate commentary they offered initial assessments like: he (Biden) “seemed disoriented” and delivered “an atypically bad performance” (David Axelrod). “His candidacy has fallen” (Scott Jennings). He was “not coherent” and “real damage was done” (Abby Phillips). “He failed…No two ways about it” (Kate Bidingfield). Seasoned election commentator for CNN, John King, called Biden’s performance “dismal” and said there was now deep panic in the Democrat party. While perhaps the most liberal on the panel, Van Jones, described Biden’s delivery as “painful”, noting the debate was the ‘Con Man vs. the Old Man’ and the affair appeared as a debate between “somebody who shouldn’t be president and another who can’t do the job”. 

Many of Biden’s harshest critics on the panel were long time Democrat party operatives, like Axelrod, Jones, and Bidingfield. The harshest criticism was leveled afterward by former Presidential debate moderator, Chris Wallace, author of the aforementioned quote “A car accident in slow motion”. He concluded “he sunk his campaign tonight”. 

It’s clear that several of the panelists, by means of their earphones, connected during the debate with high ranking Democrat Party donors and supporters. Van Jones and Axelrod, long-time Democrat Party operatives and advisers, both referred to calls they were getting during the debate. As Axelrod admitted, “Democrat Party leaders are reacting” and in a state of panic over Biden’s performance. Jones said he even received calls well in the middle of the panel discussion, during a commercial break by CNN, in which he was ‘chewed out’ by a Biden insider for his previous panel comments. 

It’s clear that several of the panelists, by means of their earphones, connected during the debate with high ranking Democrat Party donors and supporters.

Not surprising, as the panel discussion went on some of the panelists tried to walk back their earlier public criticism which was contributing to the ‘panic’, according to some party sources. It’s likely that some of the CNN panelists won’t be around for subsequent debates if they occur. Or at least they won’t be allowed to wear ear phones. 

Anyone watching the debate and the post debate commentary might easily conclude that Trump was not all that impressive, reducing his statements and rebuttals every chance he had to the border immigration issue; or making statements like ‘he’s killing the country” and “what he has done is criminal”; or throwing out wild unsubstantiated charges declaring Biden’s policies on abortion led to doctors killing eight or nine month old newborns. 

Biden debated in the dirt no less, often focusing on Trump’s infidelity affairs and, in one of his few entertaining ‘one liners’ declaring “you (Trump) have the morality of an alleycat” or “you’re a whinner”. How many times each rebutted the other by simply calling him a ‘liar’ probably set a record for presidential debates. 

As presidential debates go, this time around the CNN moderators asked no trick questions—as occurred in prior presidential debates— and their questions challenged the candidates to address some serious points. But when it came to explaining their policies and proposals neither candidate performed very well. They either ignored the moderators’ questions altogether, or drifted off point, slide into another of their favorite topics, or descended into the silliest and most childish attacks on their opponent. 

Poll after poll today shows American voters are most concerned about two issues: Economy and War. But anyone watching the debate got no idea what either candidate intended to do for the economy stuck in chronic inflation, interest rates, weakening job market, declining real wages, and a growing fiscal crisis marked by the past eight years of $13.3 trillion additional budget deficits and $14.9 trillion in added national debt. Since 2000 deficits and debt have been doubling every eight years and the worst eight have been the most recent, 2016-2024, under Trump and Biden. 

When it came to answering the moderators’ questions on the economy, Trump ducked their questions altogether several times, used the question to slip into elaborating further on one of his favorite themes, like the border, or just answered with an off-the-wall personal accusation of Biden. 

Biden did no better: he mumbled, changed his topic and sentence mid-stream, confused words, and hesitated with long pauses as if he lost his train of thought. At one point after saying the US had a thousand trillionaires, then correcting it to billionaires, he mumbled incoherently for almost a half minute, lost his thought, and ended with a topically unrelated phrase: “we finally beat  Medicare”. Trump predictably jumped on it and rebutted, ‘Yes, you beat Medicare to death’. 

These kind of petty, juvenile exchanges went on all during the debate. Perhaps the most pathetic, however, was late in the debate when both candidates got into a pissing match over who had the lowest golf handicap. Somehow, they then both segwayed into accusing the other being the unhealthiest. Biden charged Trump of being too fat, to which Trump replied he had taken two health tests and passed both with excellent results while Biden hadn’t taken even one. 

At that point, following the golf thing, most watchers must have said to themselves: ‘what the hell are they talking about’? Then probably followed that by saying to themselves, ‘holy shit are we really in trouble’!. Yes, the USA is in trouble. Big trouble. And both the candidates aren’t really talking about it. Nor have the slightest idea what to do about it. 

Which brings it all back to what the American voters wanted most to hear in the debate but didn’t—i.e. what are the two lightweights called Trump and Biden going to do about escalating War and declining Economy? 

Polls consistently show voters want to know what are the candidates’ proposals for dealing with inflation, jobs, runaway annual trillion dollar US budget deficits, the $35 trillion US national debt—not to mention unaffordable housing, healthcare, child care, and student debt? And on the geopolitical front: what would either do as president about the three wars the US is involved in (Ukraine, Gaza, Red Sea)—and the fourth that is obviously being planned (Taiwan)? 

Very little was revealed by either candidate during the debate as to how they planned to deal with the voters’ top issues of War and the Economy. Here’s what was not said by the candidates on the real issues of import: 

The Economy 

The very first question the moderators asked the candidates was the state of the US economy. Moderators noted many voters felt the economy was ‘worse off’, with groceries up 20% and home prices 30% since 2020. 

Jobs 

Biden ducked the inflation question and launched into a statement how great the economy was now. His main point in that regard was his claim he had created 15 million jobs since taking office. That claim, however, is a misrepresentation and a selective interpretation of government statistics that he and the Democrats have been peddling throughout the campaign. 

The fact is the Covid recession of 2020 resulted in 35 million being unemployed at one time or another due to government mandated economic shutdown. When Biden took office in 2021 there were 12-13 million still jobless. The US economy began to reopen in late spring 2021. It was too early. It aborted and only began again to steadily and slowly reopen later that spring 2021. It was a couple months later in late summer 2021 when inflation began to accelerate. 

Over the next two years the twelve million mandated jobless returned to the jobs they had left. But these were not new jobs Biden ‘created’. These were jobs workers ‘returned to’. Biden did not create those 12 million jobs. There were additionally some net new jobs created in addition to those ‘returned to’ over the course of Biden’s term. About 2.7 million. However, they have been mostly part time jobs not full time. Only by manipulating the numbers is Biden able to claim he created 15 million jobs. 

As for the unemployment rate of 4% and Biden’s claim it’s the lowest in decades, that too is questionable. The 4% is what the US Labor Dept. calls the U-3 unemployment rate which refers only to full time workers. The government has another statistic that rarely gets reported in the mainstream media. It’s called the U-6 unemployment rate and it covers not only full time workers but part time, those who’ve given up looking for work, dropped out of the labor force altogether, and simply haven’t filed for unemployment benefits even though they’re jobless. That also official US government U-6 unemployment rate is 7.4%, not 4%; or almost twice the always reported lower U-3 number by the mainstream media. 

Trump of course had no idea about these clarifications of Biden’s misleading jobs claims. Nor apparently did his advisers. So Trump simply failed to challenge Biden on these job numbers. 

Inflation 

The moderator’s question about why many voters don’t feel economically ‘better of’ included a reference to a basket of groceries up 20% and home prices 30% since Biden. Biden’s answer was he brought prescription drug prices down, referring to insulin prices for seniors on Medicare. Trump said he did it. Biden said he did. What ensued was a ‘he said, she said’ silly exchange. But the fact is prescription drug prices in general are going through the roof. And drug price inflation is not accurately picked up by the official US government inflation statistics. For example, he newest drugs aren’t included. Nor factored into inflation are pharmaceutical companies moving their existing drugs into higher ‘tiers’ in their formulary (list of drug prices).The most purchased drugs’ prices are raised more than average, while thousands of drugs not purchased hardly any more are not. The result is a lower average price for all drugs that the government uses in its inflation statistics. 

It was at this point following the drug price inflation, only three minutes into the debate, that Biden went off the rails mumbling incoherently about several unrelated topics, going silent for loss of words, and concluding with the “we finally beat Medicare” comment. 

If Trump had been prepared he could have elaborated on what’s really happening with the costs of medical services—a topic on which Biden remained silent for good reason since hospital and medical services are recently among the fastest rising services inflation. 

Biden instead repeated his campaign line that more people now have medical insurance than ever before. But at what cost? And how much coverage given the higher cost? According to research by the Kaiser Family Foundation, monthly health insurance premiums for a $65k/yr median income family of four are now about $2,000/mo. ($23,968/yr); for an individual $8,435 a year. Moreover, for 51% of households the same monthly premiums have deductibles of $2k-$3k per year. The other 49% households have deductibles of $600-$900/yr. What good is medical insurance coverage if the cost of insurance is unaffordable? 

The debate moderators indicated housing prices had risen 30% and asked what either candidate would do about it. Once again, Trump ducked the question altogether and went on to rail about the border, immigration, and rapes and deaths caused by terrorists and criminals at the border. Biden too ducked the question, trying to turn it into the topic of tax cuts—Trump’s and his. 

Here’s why both candidates didn’t want to talk about housing costs or inflation in general: 

According to the Wall St. Journal in a recent June 2024 survey, home prices have surged 50% not 30% as the moderators noted. But even that 30% is a gross underestimate. What people pay is a mortgage which includes interest charges and other fees not just a monthly principal on the price of the house. And according to the Wall St. Journal, ‘Home Monthly Mortgage Payments’ have risen 114% under Biden. 

Nor are any other interest costs—in credit cards, auto loans or any other source—also factored into US inflation indexes. If they were, the government’s formal price indexes (CPI, PCE, etc.) would be much higher than publicly reported. 

Rent prices follow home mortgages. But US government’s price indexes like CPI and PCE only record ‘new leases’, not renters whose landlords raised their existing rents. Then there’s the further trend of landlords adding all kinds of new monthly fees to their rents. That too is not picked up in the official inflation stats. Even so, government limited statistics still show rent increases exceeding 20% since 2021. In reality, rents have risen at least 30% and far more in some cases. 

Prices for processed foods have also surged since 2019. These prices are subject to big monopolistic corporations’ price gouging. Processed foods inflation is responsible for most of the 35% rise in the most often purchased grocery goods since 2019, also according to the Journal. 

Government limited statistics still show rent increases exceeding 20% since 2021. In reality, rents have risen at least 30% and far more in some cases. 

Government statistics show many basic household food staples have risen significantly since 2019: Bread up 52%, Eggs 114%. Pound of chicken breast 37%. Milk 24%. And food ‘away from home’ category (restaurants, bars, etc.) is also rising faster than reported. For example, the US statistics for ‘food away from home’ don’t include the recent ratcheting up of tips charges, in some restaurants mandatory. Tip rates used to be 10%, 15% and 18% at most. Now it’s an automatic 18%, 22% or 25% to the restaurant bill. Fast food away from home, that many low income households rely upon, has fared no better. Statistics show that a ‘Big Mac’ meal is up 27% since 2019. 

Transportation is the third largest weighted category in the inflation statistics. It includes the prices of autos, auto insurance, repairs, cost of a gallon of gas and other items. Car prices surged in 2021-23 and then leveled off, making the latest year stats appear tamed. But auto insurance has accelerated by more than 20% the past year alone, following auto repair services up by at least that amount. Gasoline initially accelerated in 2021-2022 due to global and domestic supply issues, then leveled off. 

When prices ‘level off’ it appears the inflation has abated. But consumers remain paying the previous higher prices and that’s what they remember. Consumers remember they are now paying 38% more for a gallon of gas since Biden took office. 

Despite these facts, politicians, mainstream media, and many mainstream professional economists have been spinning the message that the US economy is doing great. Inflation is under control. Unemployment low. As Biden said during the debate “The US is the greatest economy in the world”. But consumers know what they’re actually paying, workers know what they’re actually getting paid and the extra jobs they have to take on to make ends meet. 

Consumers and workers have longer memories than the politicians, media and economists want them to have. They know what the inflation and job score is since 2019. And don’t care that much what the others say about the last six months or even year. 

In short, the tens of millions of the roughly 130 million households in the USA know when the politicians or their mainstream economists echo chamber keep telling them ‘Oh, the economy is doing great!’ is not the reality they face. 

Tax Cuts 

At another point in the debate the moderators raised the question of Trump’s 2018 tax cuts and if the candidates, especially Trump, would once again support the extension of the cuts coming up in 2025. Trump totally ducked the question, except to say his tax cuts—which by the way amounted to $4.5 trillion over a decade not $1.9 trillion reported by the media—produced a massive number of jobs. That job creation of course did not occur. The tax cuts of 2018 went mostly to wealthy investors and US businesses and corporations, who then either hoarded the savings or plowed it back into financial markets or invested abroad. Very little went into investments that resulted in business expansion that created jobs. 

Under Trump’s first three years before Covid hit in 2020, the Fortune 500 corporations returned more than $3.5 trillion in stock buybacks and dividend payouts to their shareholders. Under Biden it’s been closer to $4 trillion. During the debate Biden indicated he wanted to raise taxes on individuals earning more than $400k a year in income. That was blocked by Senators Manchin and Sinema of his own party, as were efforts in general to roll back Trump’s $4.5 trillion. Biden refused to pressure either of these rogue Senators the past three years. Both are now leaving the Senate. Moderators should have asked Biden, now that Manchin and Sinema will be gone, if he now will reverse the Trump tax cuts if elected. 

Deficits & Debt 

On the matter of the budget deficit which has been chronically running at more than $1T a year since 2019 and is expected to hit $1.9T this year, neither candidate had much to say. Trump mentioned it in general and Biden not at all. Nor did either say anything about how the accumulation of those annual deficits have created the current national debt of $35 trillion—with annual interest payments of more than $800 billion and rising. 

Both candidates’ virtual silence to discuss the topics of deficit and debt likely had something to do with the fact that both of them have been responsible for record levels of deficits and debt on their watch: annual budget deficits rose $5.5T under Trump and $7.8T under Biden. The national debt accelerated an addition $7.7T under Trump and $7.2T under Biden. 

It’s important to note that the record acceleration in both deficits and national debt occurred within just four years for both Trump and Biden—exceeding the levels attained over eight years in the case of both George W. Bush and Barack Obama. In short, Trump’s contribution to escalating deficits and debt were just as bad as Biden’s. No wonder neither candidate wanted to ‘go there’ and discuss the issue. Pointing fingers at the other would amount only to pointing fingers at themselves. 

Meanwhile, the continuing escalation of both deficits and debt constitute a major economic issue, as the driving forces for both—tax cuts for corporations and the rich, slow growth of the economy despite massive fiscal stimulus, and chronic wars and their costs—are policies both candidates fully endorse in their actions if not their campaign rhetoric. The moderators asked both directly what would they do if elected about the trillion dollar plus annual US deficits and debt? The question was essentially ignored by both candidates. 

Meanwhile, a fiscal train wreck of the US economy is emerging that will result in massive social spending cuts in 2025 and after. But no one addressed that either. The moderators didn’t even raise it. 

Tariffs 

Biden challenged Trump’s recently announced proposal to raise tariffs on all imports and use the revenue to eliminate the corporate income tax. He charged it would be inflationary as corporations passed on the higher costs to consumers. Trump hit back with the charge he (Biden) has been agreeing with his tariff policy by continuing his (Trump) tariffs and expanding them against China as well. But that exchange about tariffs was as far as both candidates went in discussing the increasingly unstable global economy. The subject of the state of the global economy and its consequences for the US was simply ‘several pay grades’ beyond their intellect. 

Missing in the debate as well was any discussion whatsoever as to how the Biden sanctions on Russia and China have encouraged the rapid expansion of the BRICS countries which are now challenging US global economic hegemony and the role of the US dollar. Formerly five countries, since Biden’s sanctions policies the BRICS have doubled in number to 11 with 25 more applying for membership this year. Nor was it asked how the BRICS’s forthcoming new global financial structure later this year will impact the US economy in 2025 and beyond. 

That growth of the BRICS and its consequences is perhaps the single most important global economic development unfolding today. However, what the BRICS expansion means for the US economy was never even raised in the debates, let alone debated. 

To sum up regarding the quality of the debate on the topic of the economy, neither candidate had the capacity, or even apparently any interest, in addressing the critical economic issues the country faces. Both candidates either ducked questions by the moderators that were related to economic matters or diverted the discussion to their pet topics when the moderators raised important economic issues. In other words, neither proposed solutions to the pressing economic issues voters want to hear. 

THE WARS 

The same inability and/or refusal to explain how they’d deal with the deepening US involvement in the wars abroad further characterized the presidential debate. 

The USA is currently mired in three wars—all of which appear to be intensifying: Ukraine, Israel in Gaza and soon perhaps Lebanon, and in the Red Sea with Yemen. Biden’s regime has been paying the bills for all, totaling at least $300 billion so far—i.e. a major cause of the US deteriorating budget deficits and national debt. The USA is also deeply involved in providing weapons in all three; and increasingly as well in manpower in the form of advisers and officers on the ground in Ukraine and Israel, and a full US navy carrier task force in the Red Sea. Direct weapons and other financial aid costs has amounted at least to $200-$250 billion; add another minimum $50 billion in Pentagon OCO (overseas contingent operations) costs. 

Unfortunately, the candidates were not even asked if the US can continue to afford that level of spending; or if the returns so far have justified it. 

When asked on the subject before the debate Biden’s response has been consistently that the US can afford multiple wars. As he put it: ‘What do you mean. This is the United States of America. The most powerful country the world has even seen!” His view the US can afford and fight multiple wars has been echoed by other members of his administration, like Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen. However, neither Biden or Yellen have said who will have to do with less in order to continue to pay for USA’s multiplying war involvement—which by many estimates exceeds $8 trillion in the past two decades? Where’s the money in the next four years to come from: What social programs will be cut in 2025-28 if either is elected? Whose taxes raised? Or how much more debt will have to be issued by the US Treasury on top of the US current $35 trillion national debt—the latter now projected to rise to $54 trillion by 2033 with annual interest costs well over $1 trillion/yr. payable to bondholders? 

The only detailed exchange on Wars between the candidates was Afghanistan. Biden bragged “we got 100,000 out”. To which Trump retorted that US soldiers died in the retreat which was hastily and sloppily conducted, made the US look weak and somehow, per Trump, encouraged Putin to invade Ukraine. 

Those remarks opened the door for Biden to jump into his favorite war subject: the Ukraine conflict. He accused Trump of giving the green light to Putin to invade—i.e. contradicting the history of events from June 2021 to February 2022 during which Biden policy was to refuse to even talk to Putin, rejected all requests to do so, and instead encouraged Zelensky in Ukraine to make increasingly provocative statements about joining NATO and intentions to militarily invade the eastern Ukraine provinces. 

Trump criticized Biden’s Afghanistan pull out but never understood it as a link in the Biden decision in early 2021 to provoke war in Ukraine. The USA retreat from Afghanistan was a ‘clearing of the decks’ to prepare for war with Ukraine. 

Trump criticized Biden’s Afghanistan pull out but never understood it as a link in the Biden decision in early 2021 to provoke war in Ukraine. The USA retreat from Afghanistan was a ‘clearing of the decks’ to prepare for war with Ukraine. 

Biden’s remarks on the war in Ukraine avoided the moderator’s direct question what did he plan to do about it. Instead, Biden repeated one-liners straight out the 1970s cold war era saying “Putin is a war criminal. He wants to restore the Soviet Empire and won’t stop there”. Or “Just see what happens to Poland if Putin wins in Ukraine”. In other words, the old ‘dominoes theory’. Just as that view was the center piece of US ideology during the Vietnam war, Biden’s view of the war in Ukraine is taken from the US war justification playbook during the 1970s. The moderators’ question how would he address the US wars abroad was a non starter. Biden answered indirectly ‘he wouldn’t’. Biden policy is US can afford multiple wars which he intends to continue. 

Later in the debate Biden spouted even more worn out 1970s ideology about US power. So the debate audience was treated to such statements during the debate like: “we’re needed to protect the world. We’re a powerful nation.” And then the kicker: “everybody trusts us”. Listening to Biden one gets the impression we’re half a century back in the old cold war with the USSR. Even more scary, he apparently actually believes he is? 

Trump’s line of argument on Ukraine as well as Israel was as simplistic: if he were president the wars wouldn’t have happened. Somehow, he suggested, he would have been so threatening to all sides of the conflicts in Israel-Gaza and Ukraine that they would have cowered in fear of his threats and not gone to war in the first place. 

So there was no need to explain what to do about them now; they simply wouldn’t have happened according to Trump. 

In the case of Israel, when asked by moderators if he, Trump, supported a Palestinian state he dodged the question and instead criticized Biden for restraining Israel: “Biden’s holding Israel back. Israel wants to go. Let them go”. Trump’s animus toward Iran is well known. It is likely he wouldn’t need much encouragement to provoke a war with Iran should that latter country support its Hezbollah allies in the event of an Israel attack into Lebanon which appears increasingly imminent. Trump may be ‘softer’ on the Ukraine war but even more aggressive than Biden on a middle east one focusing on Iran. It wouldn’t be the first time a US president ended one war and, to placate the pro-war forces in the US, start up another. 

On the Ukraine war Trump was, and has been, more amenable to forcing a compromise with the Russians. In the debate, and on many occasions before, his main charge against Biden is the cost of Ukraine so far, which to date is in excess of $200 billion according to Trump. So the main problem is the US is spending too much money on it. Get the Europeans to cough up more is the suggestion. In a sense, Trump’s position on Ukraine is an extension of his more general view that Europe/NATO should pay more. 

To sum up Trump on the Israel and Ukraine wars: neither would have happened. He would have been tough and intervened and gotten all sides to settle beforehand. Israel is different than Ukraine, however. Iran has always been on Trump’s shit list; Russia has not. So based on his comments in the debate, if elected he would likely approve a broader war in middle east if it meant going after Iran. Which seems somewhat ironic since, in the debate, he accused Biden of war policies “driving us to World War 3”. 

Biden’s view on Ukraine is apparently just to continue as is. In place of answering the moderators’ question how he might resolve the conflict, it’s clear Biden’s generalities in the debate mean let the war continue. Resolution occurs only when Russia is defeated. After all, if he’s not, the Russians will eventually march on Paris! He didn’t say Paris, but did say Poland. Dominoes again! Spending money on the wars may have been the core concern of Trump, but for Biden money is not the question. The US and NATO should spend as much of it as needed. 

On Israel Biden refused to get specific. He said little if anything since the US position is to let Israel proceed in Gaza, fund whatever it asks of the US, and do what it must to prevent a further attack on Israel from other quarters or at least to contain it and prevent a wider war breaking out. However, none of this was discussed in the debate by Biden. 

The other two wars—Red Sea with the Houthis and with China over Taiwan—were never raised as questions and therefore easily avoided altogether by both candidates. A simple query from the moderators might have been: ‘why is a full task force of the US Navy unable to stop the Yemenis from sinking ships and preventing two thirds of the normal flow of container shipping traffic through the Red Sea’? Or how much is it costing the US to maintain a carrier task force off the Arabian peninsula? 

And then there’s biggest war in planning by the USA: against China in Taiwan. Not a word asked, and not a word said about Biden administration plans now being implemented to prepare for a war with China over Taiwan. Moderators could at least have asked about recent US admirals and generals stationed in the far east who have publicly been saying war with China was inevitable and coming by 2030? 

Or the moderators might have asked: ‘why are US Marines now landing and occupying Philippine islands within view of Taiwan and elsewhere in the South China sea and training again to carry out amphibious landings?’ One can understand why Biden, the author of the pending conflict, wouldn’t want to debate such matters. Perhaps the moderators got that message before developing their lists of questions. Or maybe the questions list was vetted by the parties (which was the case in fact). But Trump limited his criticisms of Biden China policy during the debate to the topic of tariffs. 

Apart from questions of War and Economy there were other glaring omissions in the debate. At one point the moderators specifically did ask each candidate what they would do about the fact 2023 was the hottest year on record? Biden said he passed legislation—presumably the Inflation Reduction Act in 2022—that subsidized businesses investing in alternative energy. But fossil fuel companies got a big piece of that Act as well.  Biden also hyped his ‘climate corps’ idea. Trump ducked the question of climate change altogether, referring instead to the need for ‘clean water and clean air’. Both candidates briefly indulged in an unintelligible discussion of the Paris Climate Accords. 

In other words, there was not much substantive discussion over what is in fact a 5th war underway: the war on Nature. Or rather one should say Nature’s war on us which Nature so far is winning. Neither candidate thus answered the moderators’ question about 2023 being the hottest year on record (which is another way of saying: what are you going to do to prevent the climate from warming to the 2 degrees or more tipping point to which it is on track by 2035?) 

Just as the candidates failed to provide answers how they would resolve the four US wars underway or in planning, so too the 5th was brushed off and left unanswered. 

About the Author

jack rasmus

Jack Rasmus is author of the recently published book, ‘The Scourge of Neoliberalism: US Economic Policy from Reagan to Trump’, Clarity Press, 2020. He publishes at Predicting the Global Economic Crisis.

Unlocking Creativity: The Power and Versatility of Custom Stickers

stickers on laptp

Custom stickers have revolutionised personal expression, business branding, and creative projects with their versatility and affordability. Whether you’re aiming to promote your business, add flair to your personal items, or showcase your artistic talents, custom stickers offer endless opportunities. This comprehensive guide delves into the myriad uses, benefits, design considerations, and production options for custom stickers, empowering you to harness their potential effectively.

Why Choose Custom Stickers?

Versatility and Personalization

Custom stickers are incredibly versatile, serving various purposes from business branding to personal decoration. They allow you to personalize items such as laptops, water bottles, and notebooks, reflecting your unique style and interests. Businesses leverage custom stickers for promotional campaigns, enhancing brand visibility and customer engagement.

Cost-Effective Marketing Tool

For businesses, custom stickers offer a cost-effective way to market products and services. They are affordable to produce in bulk and can be distributed widely at events or included in packaging. Custom stickers serve as portable advertisements that leave a lasting impression on potential customers.

Creative Expression

Individuals and artists embrace custom stickers as a canvas for creative expression. Whether showcasing original artwork or conveying personal messages, stickers serve as miniature artworks that can be shared, gifted, or sold. They enable artists to reach new audiences and establish their brand in a tangible format.

Durability and Quality

Modern custom stickers are crafted from durable materials such as vinyl, ensuring longevity and resistance to water and UV rays. This durability makes them suitable for both indoor and outdoor applications, maintaining their vibrant colors and adhesive properties over time.

Popular Applications of Custom Stickers

Business Branding and Promotion

Custom stickers are integral to business branding strategies, appearing on products, packaging, and promotional materials. They reinforce brand identity and facilitate customer recognition, effectively complementing other marketing efforts.

Event Promotion and Souvenirs

Events benefit from custom stickers as promotional giveaways or souvenirs. They serve as tangible reminders of the event and encourage attendee engagement. Custom stickers can feature event logos, dates, or themes, enhancing memorability and extending event reach post-event.

Personalization of Everyday Items

Individuals use custom stickers to personalise everyday items, transforming mundane objects into personalized statements. From decorating phone cases to customizing car bumpers, stickers allow individuals to express their personality and affiliations creatively.

Artistic Projects and Merchandise

Artists leverage custom stickers to monetize their creativity through merchandise sales. Stickers featuring original artwork or designs appeal to niche markets and foster a sense of community among enthusiasts. Artists can sell stickers online, at exhibitions, or collaborate with retailers to broaden their audience.

Designing Custom Stickers: Key Considerations

Conceptualization and Design

Effective custom sticker design begins with clear conceptualization. Define the sticker’s purpose, target audience, and desired aesthetics. Businesses should align sticker design with brand guidelines, ensuring consistency in messaging and visual identity.

Material Selection

Choose sticker materials based on intended use and durability requirements. Vinyl stickers offer resilience against outdoor elements, making them ideal for vehicle decals or outdoor signage. Paper stickers provide a cost-effective option for indoor applications, such as product labels or event promotions.

Printing and Production Techniques

Select a reputable printing service equipped to deliver high-quality custom stickers. Online printing platforms offer convenience and customization options, while local print shops provide personalized service and potential for in-person collaboration.

Finishing Touches and Application

Consider additional finishing options such as matte or glossy coatings to enhance sticker appearance and durability. Die-cutting techniques allow for custom shapes that complement sticker design, while adhesive properties ensure secure application on various surfaces.

Where to Source Custom Stickers

Online Printing Services

Numerous online printing services specialize in custom stickers, offering competitive pricing and fast turnaround times. Platforms like Sticker Mule, StickerYou, and Vistaprint provide user-friendly interfaces and extensive customization options to cater to diverse customer needs.

Local Print Shops and Artisanal Services

Support local businesses by sourcing custom stickers from neighborhood print shops or artisanal services. Local providers offer personalized service, allowing for direct communication, sample reviews, and potential cost savings for bulk orders.

DIY Options and Home Printing

DIY enthusiasts can create custom stickers at home using printable sticker paper and inkjet or laser printers. This approach suits small-scale projects and provides creative control over design elements and production timelines.

Conclusion: Embrace the Possibilities of Custom Stickers

Custom stickers embody creativity, practicality, and versatility in modern communication and expression. Whether used for business promotion, personalization, or artistic endeavors, stickers transcend their adhesive function to become powerful tools for storytelling and brand differentiation. Explore the diverse applications of custom stickers today and unlock new avenues for personal and professional growth.

Custom stickers empower individuals, businesses, and artists to communicate effectively, connect with audiences, and leave a lasting impression in a dynamic world. Begin your journey with custom stickers and witness firsthand their transformative impact on creativity and communication.

Unlocking Investment Opportunities in the Nordics: Interview with Jonathan Aiach of CapMan

TWFR-Top-destinations-nordic-region

The Nordic region is renowned for its economic resilience, innovation, and commitment to sustainability. As global investors increasingly seek stable and dynamic environments, Northern Europe stands out with its robust economic fundamentals, supportive regulatory framework, and thriving tech ecosystem. This interview explores why the Nordic countries are emerging as a top investment destination, with insights from CapMan’s Director of Investor Relations and Business Development, Jonathan Aiach, on the region’s unparalleled growth potential.  

The Nordic countries are often cited for their economic stability and robust growth. Can you elaborate on the specific economic factors that make Northern Europe an attractive destination for investment funds? 

It is the combination of strong economic fundamentals, sound fiscal policies, robust institutions, high quality of life, commitment to sustainability, open economies, and advanced technological infrastructure that makes Northern Europe, and particularly the Nordic countries, highly attractive destinations for investment funds. These factors collectively create a stable, predictable, and dynamic environment conducive to long-term investment growth and profitability.  

Innovation and technology seem to be thriving in the Nordic region, with numerous successful startups and tech companies emerging from these countries. How significant is this tech boom in attracting investment funds to Northern Europe?  

The tech boom in the Nordic region which has been taking place for the past 20 years is a crucial factor in attracting investment funds to Northern Europe. The combination of a vibrant startup ecosystem, strong support for innovation, a skilled workforce, advanced digital infrastructure, and availability of capital has created a compelling environment for tech investments. This dynamic ecosystem not only fosters the growth of innovative companies but also offers lucrative opportunities for investors, making the Nordic region a prime destination for investment funds focused on technology and innovation.  

How does the regulatory environment in the Nordic countries compare to other regions in terms of facilitating investment?  

The Nordic region has a long track record of experimenting and pioneering new ESG practices which are now used as a model for investment managers around the world.

The regulatory environment in the Nordic countries is very conducive to facilitating investment. Its key strengths include high levels of transparency, an efficient bureaucracy, competitive and supportive tax policies, flexible labor markets, strong financial and IP regulations, leadership in ESG practices, and active participation in international trade agreements. Compared to other regions, these factors collectively create a stable, predictable, and attractive environment for investors, making the Nordic countries a prime destination for both domestic and international investments. 

The Nordic countries are leaders in sustainability and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices. How do these factors influence the attractiveness of the region for investment funds looking to align with ESG criteria?  

The Nordic countries’ leadership in sustainability and ESG practices genuinely enhances their attractiveness to investment funds that prioritize ESG criteria. The combination of strong environmental policies, robust social welfare systems, high standards of corporate governance, innovation in sustainable technologies, and integration of ESG criteria in financial markets creates a compelling environment for ESG-focused investments. These factors not only align with the values of responsible investors but also offer stable and promising opportunities for long-term growth and impact. The Nordic region has a long track record of experimenting and pioneering new ESG practices which are now used as a model for investment managers around the world.  

Which sectors in the Nordic countries are currently presenting the most significant opportunities for investment? 

The Nordic countries offer diverse and promising investment opportunities across several key sectors. Technology and innovation, renewable energy, sustainable industries, biotechnology, ICT, financial services, tourism, and advanced manufacturing are areas of significant growth potential. The region’s strong economic fundamentals, commitment to sustainability, supportive regulatory environment, and innovative ecosystems make it an attractive destination for investors seeking both financial returns and positive societal impact. 

Looking ahead, what trends do you foresee in the Nordic investment landscape and potential challenges that investors should be mindful of? 

The Nordic investment landscape is presenting numerous opportunities driven by trends in sustainability, technological innovation, renewable energy, healthcare, and urban development. However, investors must also be mindful of potential challenges, including regulatory risks, market volatility, technological disruptions, environmental risks, and political and social factors. By staying informed and flexible, investors can effectively navigate the evolving landscape and capitalize on the opportunities while mitigating risks. 

 

Executive Profile 

Jonathan Aiach

Jonathan Aiach is a director in CapMan’s investor relations and business development team where he is in charge of fund-raising, strategy, and business development in the EMEA region. He has 15 years of experience in the alternative investment space, working in London and Geneva with a focus on private markets and hedge funds. He was previously an investment specialist in DWS’s infrastructure team. Before that, he contributed to the development of Blackrock’s alternatives platform across wealth and institutional clients in EMEA. He started his career at Cheyne Capital, and worked in Oakley Capital’s private equity team.  

About CapMan 

CapMan is one of the leading Nordic experts in private assets. For over 30 years, this major private equity player creates value in unlisted companies, infrastructure and real estate. The objective of CapMan is to offer investors attractive returns and innovative solutions. The company is proud of its commitments to sustainable development and supports projects aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. CapMan also offers management solutions of heritage. CapMan now has 200 professionals in Helsinki, Stockholm, Copenhagen, Oslo, London and Luxembourg. The company is listed on Nasdaq Helsinki since 2001. 

The Path to Eco-Friendly Living: Strategies for Sustainable Daily Choices 

Male consumer holds basket filled with a mixture of various fruits and vegetables

By Ashley Nielsen

With the rise of global warming, carbon emissions, and pollution, making sustainable choices has never been more crucial.  

Each decision we make, from the products we purchase to the way we heat our homes, creates a ripple effect on our environment – for better or worse. These choices will shape our planet’s future and generations to come.  

Luckily consumers are making more sustainable choices to combat environmental issues,  as nearly 73% of global consumers say they would change their consumption habits to reduce their environmental impact. 

If you’re wondering how you can make an impact, you came to the right place. Below, we’ll dive into practical strategies and actionable tips to make more sustainable choices.  

From simple changes in habits to more significant lifestyle choices, you’ll learn how you can start making a positive impact on your environment today.

Understanding Sustainable Choices  

Sustainable choices are decisions that replace common unstainable habits and leave a positive impact on our environment. These choices aren’t just about replacing wasteful habits, but rather improving the lives of future generations. These choices encompass a wide range of areas of daily life including:  

Energy 

The process of extracting and using fossil fuels for energy significantly pollutes air and waterways, while increasing greenhouse gasses globally. Renewable energy minimizes these effects substantially. 

Transportation 

Gasoline-powered vehicles emit carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, which contributes to poor air quality, smog formation, and respiratory illnesses. Opting for sustainable transportation can substantially reduce these issues.   

Waste Management 

Improper waste disposal increases greenhouse gas emissions and contributes to soil, water, and air pollution. Adopting the three R’s (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) can help minimize waste and conserve natural resources in the process. 

Food Consumption 

Conventional agriculture practices rely on synthetic fertilizers and pesticides that pollute the soil, water, and airways. Supporting local, organic, and sustainable agriculture can substantially reduce your food carbon footprint.   

Water Usage 

Excessive water consumption both commercially and privately can deplete freshwater resources, disrupt ecosystems, and create water droughts. Adopting water-saving habits and technologies can preserve freshwater ecosystems, maintain water quality, and ensure access to clean water for future generations. 

Consumption 

Overconsumption of resources can lead to habitat degradation , depletion of natural resources, and increased waste generation such as single-use plastics. Opting for quality, eco-friendly products can minimize these issues. 

By prioritizing sustainable choices in these key areas of daily life, individuals and communities can actively contribute to mitigating environmental impacts and fostering a more sustainable future 

Strategies for Sustainable Choices 

Waste recycling tanks

Incorporating sustainable choices into your daily life is crucial for reducing your carbon footprint and promoting a healthier planet. Below are several sustainable choices you can make today to start leaving a positive impact on the world: 

Reduce, Reuse, Recycle 

In your daily life, look where you can reduce, reuse, and recycle. By reducing excess waste and reusing items when possible, you can significantly reduce your carbon footprint. Swap out single-use plastics such as water bottles and grocery bags with reusable alternatives.  

Utilize Renewable Energy 

Consider transitioning to renewable energy sources like solar or wind power to reduce your household emissions, which are responsible for 20% of all carbon emissions. Many programs exist to make them affordable, they come with tax benefits, and reduce your energy bills.  

Support Sustainable Brands 

Look for products from brands that support sustainable initiatives. Parents should consider bamboo diapers instead of cotton, which degrade faster in landfills. Swap out fast fashion with sustainably made tops and bottoms.  

Eat Sustainably 

You can make your diet more sustainable by sourcing food locally, selecting seasonal options, and opting for choices with lower environmental impact. Shop at local farmers’ markets, reduce your meat consumption and go with organic options when possible to support sustainable farming practices.   

Conserve Water and Energy 

Making small changes to your daily routine,  such as taking shorter showers, air drying laundry, and turning off lights when not in use can save significant amounts of water and energy over time. These small changes can add up to make a big difference over time. 

Embrace Minimalism 

Adopt a minimalist lifestyle by prioritizing quality over quantity. Consider decluttering your space by getting rid of unnecessary items. Doing so not only reduces waste but also promotes mindful consumption and a light, sustainable lifestyle.  

Educate Yourself and Others 

Stay up-to-date and informed about environmental issues and sustainability practices. Share this knowledge with friends and family, which can lead to engaging and meaningful conversations on sustainability. This can uplift and inspire your social circle to make positive changes in their lives.  

Support Policy Changes 

Join environmental committees and activist groups that advocate for policies on environmental protection and sustainability at the local and national levels. Together, your voices and actions can contribute to shaping a future where sustainable practices are prioritized. 

Practice Sustainable Transportation 

Opt for sustainable transportation like walking, biking, or carpooling whenever possible to reduce carbon emissions from daily commuting and travel. Consider purchasing a hybrid or fully electric vehicle, which can substantially reduce your transportation carbon emissions. These choices promote healthier lifestyles and help save money on fuel and maintenance costs  

Invest in Long-Term Sustainability 

Explore financial strategies and potential investments that have ethical and sustainable standards. Look to divest from industries that harm the environment and instead support companies with green initiatives. By making conscientious investment choices, you can actively contribute to a future where sustainability is a core value in financial decision-making. 

The Path to Sustainability: Start Today 

With the rise of global warming, carbon emissions, and pollution, making sustainable choices has never been more crucial. Every decision we make, from the products we purchase to how we power our homes, has a profound impact on our environment and future generations. 

If you’re eager to make a meaningful impact, you’ve come to the right place. By embracing the practical strategies and actionable tips outlined above, you can start making a positive difference in your environment today.  

From reducing waste and embracing renewable energy to supporting sustainable brands and advocating for policy changes, each choice contributes to a more sustainable future. By prioritizing these sustainable choices in daily life, individuals and communities can collectively mitigate environmental impacts and foster a healthier planet for generations to come. Together, we can shape a future where sustainable practices are not just a choice, but a way of life.

About the Author

Ashley Nielsen earned a B.S. degree in Business Administration Marketing at Point Loma Nazarene University. She is a freelance writer who loves to share knowledge about general business, marketing, lifestyle, wellness, and financial tips. During her free time, she enjoys being outside, staying active, reading a book, or diving deep into her favorite music.  

As Geopolitical Threats Mount, Companies are at Risk of ‘Analysis Paralysis’

Geopolitical Threats

By Matt Ince

Growing numbers of multi-nationals are drawing on geopolitical analysis to better navigate an increasingly volatile and unpredictable global security landscape. Yet there is a risk of being overwhelmed by analysis that may or may not be directly relevant to their business operations and strategies – potentially leading to ‘analysis paralysis’. 

Big picture overviews and background information are important to get a general sense of trends and developments globally. Yet key insights need to be distilled into actionable intelligence assessments to enable companies to better anticipate and take steps to mitigate threats to their activities worldwide.  

Such assessments aim to empower corporate leaders with sufficient understanding and forewarning to make better-informed and timely decisions that put them ahead of the most pertinent operational and strategic risks they face. Analysis provides context and background but can leave senior executives searching for direction. Actionable intelligence is tailored to their immediate needs, significantly enhancing the decision-making. So, what it is it that makes intelligence assessments actionable. 

Defining characteristics 

First and foremost, intelligence assessments are about being relevant, directly informing the decisions a company needs. They do so by setting out the implications of a particular geopolitical development for its corporate strategy, global assets and supply chains. Assessments are concise, delivered in short-form formats that use key judgements, and ultimately provide readers with time advantage by answering the “so what?” question up front. They are also precise, using probabilistic language and consistent phraseology to covey the relative likelihood and impact of a particular event. This helps decision-makers to ‘rack and stack’ different risks and identify the ones that are the most pressing to them. 

Assessments are forward-looking, so the emphasis is on anticipatory analysis as opposed to looking backwards. And relatedly, they will tend to incorporate scenario analysis – different, plausible pictures of what the future may look like, allowing corporate leaders to plan for the most likely and worst-case scenarios. That gives them greater confidence to act in a timely manner and not lose advantage by being overwhelmed by the potential vastness of geopolitical analysis. 

The use of indicators or warning signs – identifying tangible, measurable developments for readers to look out for – help to determine whether a given forecast or scenario is becoming more or less likely. For instance, if a company was worried about a short-term crisis breaking out on the Korean peninsula, then an indicator that it was likely would include North Korea conducting provocative intercontinental ballistic missile tests. Such markers effectively provide a structure that can be followed to enable better anticipation of situations. 

Accountability is key  

Lastly, what strengthens the credibility of assessments is their accountability. What that means in practice is that they are very transparent about the basis on which they have been formulated – so, for example, they will highlight knowledge gaps or limitations in current understanding around a particular topic or issue. They also surface details about the sources of information upon which any load-bearing assumption are based. In other words, they communicate the levels of confidence that those producing them have in the quality of the evidence base used to put them together. 

So, while geopolitical analysis clearly has its place in putting forward an opinion or position on a development or trend, intelligence assessments have gone through a process that is more robust by design, structured and supported by methodology. It, thus, equips decision-makers with what they need to know to ensure their organisations are best prepared for security crises – in essence, giving them the tools to make strategic, operational and tactical decisions to mitigate or avoid the impact of such risks and threats.  

Actionable intelligence in action 

During the early stages of the Covid pandemic, actionable intelligence focused on providing strategic early warning would have given companies a better understanding about how the Corona virus was most likely to spread. As well as the potential for geopolitical fallout and which countries would be more vulnerable. There were a lot of false assumptions about countries in the Global South being generally less resilient and more exposed, whereas, in reality, it was economically-interconnected countries that ended up having bigger problems. Operational intelligence would have facilitated mitigations to ensure there was sufficient PPE available, avoiding the shortages resulting from supply chain hold-ups. Tactical assessments are likely to have assisted with workarounds required to address pandemic-driven disruptions, such as provision for people to work from home.  

As the consequences of climate change becomeing more disruptive, strategic intelligence assessments can determine the extent to which global warming’s cascading impacts can interrupt global supply chains and fuel resource-based conflicts. From an operational perspective, assessments would address business continuity: the safety of physical assets, staff and infrastructure. On a more tactical level, it would be thinking, for instance, about whether equipment in place in climate-vulnerable operational areas has been built to withstand extreme heat. 

In the case of the Israel-Gaza war, strategic thinking involves looking at pathways for how the conflict could plausibly escalate, either intensifying dramatically between the protagonists or developing into a regional war. It also involves considering the consequences of these alternative futures – such as further Houthi disruption of shipping through the Suez Canal or an intensifying exchange of rocket fire between Israel and Hezbollah – and what these would mean for the wider business and security environment. 

In relation to the latter scenario, operational intelligence assessment could seek to determine the range of the rockets Hezbollah is likely to launch and the areas in Israel that will be impacted. Or to provide an assessment of weapons stockpiles levels to be able to estimate how long they would be able to sustain barrages. Tactical consideration would centre on the logistical challenges in the event of such an escalation, including advice on which airports are likely to remain open and which roads would be best to use to evacuate staff from their offices. 

Who consumes what 

For senior decision-makers, strategic intelligence assessments, together with the actionable insights they provide, are critical to ensuring that their business strategies, and the implementation of those strategies, are attuned and responsive to global security and geopolitical events. And while business leaders should be across actionable operational and tactical intelligence, these need to be primarily informing senior managers across an organisation, helping them to practically deal with immediate challenges. 

As the emerging multi-polar world generates new and more frequent geopolitical risks and threats, multi-nationals are rightly investing in the analytical capacities that will help them become more alert to developments that could undermine their competitiveness. But being aware is one thing, being prepared is quite another. And it’s here that actionable intelligence comes into its own, giving corporate leaders exactly what they need to make decisions that protect their operations and their bottom line.

About the Author

Matt Ince

Matt Ince is an associate director at Dragonfly, a geopolitical and security intelligence firm, where he leads on strategic intelligence. Prior to joining Dragonfly in January 2023, Matt spent a decade working within the UK’s national security community, including leading analysis on emerging global risks and strategy development on the security implications of climate change. He is an Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute (RUSI), the UK’s leading, defence and security think tank, and a Research Associate at the University of Oxford’s Climate Change and (In)security Project. 

The Implications from Iran’s Elections Are Global: The International Community Must Not Turn a Blind Eye

Iran’s Ongoing Elections

By Roderick Navarro

The recent death under mysterious circumstances of Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi in a helicopter crash in May 2024 has thrust the country into an unexpected electoral cycle, with the first round taking place this week. A surprise outcome saw reformist lawmaker Masoud Pezeshkian take 42.5% of the vote while ultraconservative former nuclear negotiator Saeed Jalili took 38.6%. While the results still need to be reviewed by the country’s 12 member Guardian Council tasked with overseeing elections and legislation, the two faced off in a run-off scheduled for Saturday which, to the surprise of many, saw Pezeshkian win the election with 16.3 million votes. It should be noted that this election has seen the lowest turnout in Iranian electoral history since the Islamic revolution of 1979, with Iranian citizens exhibiting, for the most part, apathy towards the country’s democratic prospects. 

This election has provided the Iranian authorities and supreme leader Ali Khamenei a crucial opportunity to tighten their grip on power and suppress any remaining democratic aspirations within the country, meaning that even the surprise win by reformist Pezeshkian should not be seen as indicative of impending change but rather leading to cosmetic changes domestically, without significant departure from the Supreme Leader’s tone. This is something Pezeshkian has made abundantly clear. Importantly, this win should be seen as a step toward the consolidation of absolute power which is expected to have significant global economic implications.

The repressive political environment in Iran has been, over the course of the past few years, increasingly controlled by a select powerful authoritarian group, all close to the Supreme Leader. These have been responsible for the erosion of democratic norms and the country’s ongoing gross violations of human rights, leaving the government with little to no accountability for extensive human rights violations. The recent death of Raisi, who was also known as the Butcher of Tehran due to his direct role in the killing of around 30,000 political prisoners in the 1980’s, and the ongoing electoral cycle, rather than having the potential to shift the Islamic Republic’s political direction, is instead, accelerating the regime’s ongoing attempt to solidify control over its citizens. 

The way in which this election played out is indicative of the fact that the regime believes it needs a moderate leader to face the international community in light of increased pressure on the economy from the extensive sanctions which Iran still faces. We must however understand that the Ayatollahs are certainly not seeking to utilize this historic moment for true change, rather to maintain a facade of legitimacy while consolidating brutal authoritarian rule.

Concern has already been expressed by the international community regarding the way in which candidates were selected for this, perhaps sham, election. The role of Iran’s Guardian Council is particularly problematic in light of its strict adherence to the Supreme Leader’s directives. Indeed, only those aligned with Khamenei’s hardliner policies are allowed to stand for election. The results of the still election are therefore viewed by many as predetermined, with the election process simply being a means of projecting the existence of democratic institutions outwards, but with little concrete significance. 

From an economic perspective, these elections matter, as does the way in which they are being conducted. Iran has been the product of international anxiety over its nuclear program for the better part of a decade, with the US only recently imposing a fresh set of sanctions due to ongoing violations by Tehran. Such extensive sanctions have crippled its economy, although there was hope that these elections would be ones that would allow Iran’s return to the global market. Indeed while the war in Ukraine rages on, and oil prices surging due to a lack of inventory, Iran, as a country with substantial oil reserves, could play a pivotal role in stabilizing the global energy market. 

Market dynamics are and will continue to be significantly impacted by the political stability in the follow-up to the election, of course, the lack thereof. Unfortunately, the way in which these elections have played out will likely perpetuate existing economic sanctions imposed by Western countries. Furthermore, should the United States see a second Trump Presidency, something looking increasingly likely after US President Joe Biden’s poor performance in the recent Presidential debate, sanctions would only be exacerbated, further isolating Iran from the global financial system, for its violation of nuclear norms and ongoing gross violations of human rights.

The global economic impact from Iran’s ongoing violation of human rights and global democratic norms should not be seen as limited to oil markets. Indeed, Iran is strategically located and wields influence across the already delicate Middle East, an area critical for global trade routes. The Strait of Hormuz, for example, is a vital bottleneck through which 17 million barrels of oil pass daily. This is equivalent to between 20% and 30% of global supply. As has already been seen due to Iranian supported heightened political tensions in and around the Straight, the security of this crucial passageway can easily be compromised by Tehran, significantly disrupting global oil supplies and trade.

The international community should not be fooled. The Iranian regime’s strategy is to present a cultivated image of democracy while suppressing genuine democratic processes at home, including murdering journalists, oppressing women and leveraging its impact on global supply chains to perpetuate its radical agenda. This has far-reaching consequences which cannot be overlooked. Aside from the democratic aspirations of the Iranian people which the regime continues to violate, alongside their fundamental human rights, Iran poses a significant threat to regional stability and global markets. The international community, with an emphasis on economic stakeholders, should recognize the broader implications of Iran’s political trajectory.

About the Author

Roderick Navarro

Roderick Navarro is a political analyst based in Brazil focusing on international affairs in Latin America and beyond. He is also the CEO of Iberoanalisis, a global geopolitical research and analysis firm. 

Towards Developing an Economic Model to Serve the Needs of the 21st Century – Part 1

Economic Model

By Tim Bovy

Catastrophic events often create the context for new economic models. President Franklin D. Roosevelt developed the New Deal in the 1930s in response to the Great Depression. World War Two led to the creation of the social market economy in Germany, which was launched under the chancellorship of Konrad Adenauer in 1949.  The cumulative impact of the 2008 financial crisis, the coronavirus pandemic, and the cataclysmic potential of climate change has spurred the development of Bidenomics, reviving, at least in part, aspects of both the New Deal and the social market economy. 

The financial collapse alone could have brought about a similar shift in economic policy. However, there is a good reason that it did not: the US government was committed to neoliberalism, which formed an unbroken dominance in the US from the 1970s to the early 2020s, including during the presidency of Barack Obama. His administration’s economic policies expanded the ever-widening income gap, under the stewardship of Timothy Geitner and Larry Summers, two fellow neoliberals. As Adam Tooze observed, of the “growth generated by the economic recovery since 2009, 95% was monopolized by the top 1%. They saw their incomes rebound by 31.4%. Meanwhile, 99% had seen virtually no gain in income since the crisis.”1

Bidenomics aims to fix income inequality, among other social inequities, as it moves away from neoliberalism towards something more akin to a social market economy.   President Biden himself has said: “Milton Friedman isn’t running the show anymore,”2 mirroring the World Economic Forum’s declaration that the Friedmanite model is no longer sustainable. As Klaus Schwab noted in 2019, in arguing for a better kind of capitalism: Greta Thunberg “has reminded us that adherence to the current economic system represents a betrayal of future generations, owing to its environmental unsustainability.”3    

These observations come from inside and from outside of politics and touch upon the two most pressing problems facing mankind today for which we need a long-term solution: the interlinked issues of inequality and climate change. I say “mankind” because the problems are global. The solution for developing an economic model to serve the needs of the 21st century must, therefore, also be global to offset Neoliberalism’s worldwide impact, which is the underlying cause of both. Part 1 of my article examines where we are now. Part 2 looks at where we need to go and how we might get there.  

The Friedmanite Model 

What exactly is the Friedmanite model, which underpins neoliberal thinking? One of its main policy tenets calls for minimum government intervention since it maintains that markets are self-regulating. This core doctrine, however, is misleading. If we have any doubts about this, we need only return to the period of the financial collapse when, after 2008, the US privatized profits and socialized losses. The elite benefited from the financial collapse because the government coddled them in a protective blanket of socialism, or what the head of China’s sovereign wealth fund described in December 2008 as “socialism with American characteristics.”4 If we are skeptical about the remark because of its source, we should remember that “the US Treasury was accused by the German finance minister of interventionist tendencies akin to communism.”5 The battle cry of the 1% for minimum regulation when they were garnering huge returns on capital quickly mutated into a plea for maximum government intervention to save their wealth when the financial rigging came crashing down. Socialism turned out to be neoliberalism’s safety net.  

There was, however, no rescue plan for the 99%, who formed the core of the Occupy Movement in 2011. Bidenomics has given them a voice. If Geitner and Summers were the facilitators of Obama’s neoliberal economic agenda, Jared Bernstein and Heather Boushey are two of Biden’s spokespersons for an economic model that represents a betrayed middle class, which stood on the sidelines watching, as governments “bailed out financial institutions, then recovered the costs by hacking away at public services, effectively punishing laborers and taxpayers for the sins of wealthy bankers.”6 

Although many of us may have not realized it at the time, “2008 revealed that since 1976 national economic policy had been subordinated to a cluster of transnational banks,”7 which played into the neoliberal model of an economic system in which the markets were disembedded from society. Of course, it was not always thus. Franklin Delano Roosevelt said: “We are going to make a country in which no one is left out.”8  The New Deal was not perfect, nor was the New Deal Coalition but, with all of their flaws, they attempted to alleviate poverty, reduce income inequality, and promote social justice as precursors of what President Biden is trying to achieve now. 

By the 1970s, the New Deal Coalition had collapsed, and in its place arose neoliberalism which gradually eroded the stability of the middle class and cautioned businesses to stop being wimps. Writing in The New York Times in September 1970, Milton Friedman criticized businessmen who thought that business must promote “desirable ‘social’ ends; that business [must have] a ‘social conscience’ and [must take] seriously its responsibilities for providing employment, eliminating discrimination, avoiding pollution and whatever else may be the catchwords of the contemporary crop of reformers.”9  

What appealed to Friedman is that markets do not have a conscience, and are free from the constraints of the interdependent relationships that define society. Neoliberalism buried society so far beneath the market that Margaret Thatcher declared the former non-existent: “There’s no such thing as society. There are individual men and women and there are families.”10 As Tony Judt observed, in such a political milieu, “the role of the state is reduced…to that of a facilitator. The task of the politician is to ascertain what is best for the individual, and then afford him the conditions in which to pursue it with minimal interference.”11 It is important not to miss the irony here. Creating the fertile economic conditions necessary for the top 1%  to flourish required deliberate state action. “Laissez-faire,” as Karl Polanyi wrote in the 1940s, savoring the oxymoron, “was planned.”12  

The Need for a Global Solution 

Bidenomics middle-out, bottom-up economic model seeks to counterbalance social and economic inequality with social and economic justice. The problem, however, is that no matter how noble the underlying moral and ethical sentiment, the model is local, in the same way that Germany’s social market economy in mid-twentieth century Europe was local, whereas the problems of inequality and climate change are global. If we are going to move towards an economic model that serves the needs of the 21st Century by offsetting the damage that neoliberalism has done, we need to reimagine capitalism in a way that benefits everyone, including nature.     

Part 2 of my article explores how we might get there. 

About the Author 

Tim Bovy

Tim Bovy has over 35 years of experience in designing and implementing various types of information and risk management systems for major law firms such as Clifford Chance; and for international accountancy firms such as Deloitte. He has also developed solutions for organisations such as BT, Imperial Tobacco, Rio Tinto, the Kuwaiti government, The Royal Household, and the US House of Representatives. Tim is an elected member of The Royal Institute of International Affairs, Chatham House, an Independent Think Tank based in Central London, and holds a BA degree, magna cum laude, from the University of Notre Dame, and MA and C.Phil degrees from the University of California, Davis. 

Reduction of Pollutant Emissions from Motor Vehicles to Combat Infections

By Ziyang Lou & Michael Palocz-Andresen

Ultrafine soot particles and NOx are known to be extremely harmful to human health. The concentration of these pollutants is very high in many large cities of the world. It weakens the body and makes it easier for the virus to penetrate human cells. Reducing pollutant emissions in metropolitan regions worldwide is urgently necessary in order to avoid future infections and pandemics.

Theoretical Introduction to the Role of Ultrafine Soot Particles in Cities

In the big cities, the primary volatile hydrocarbons, which are considered to be the precursors of ultrafine soot particles, come mainly from heavy-duty vehicles (see figure 1).

Table 1 summarises the most important mechanisms and properties of fine dust1.

The larger particles fall to earth relatively quickly. However, they are usually whirled up from the asphalt surface by motor vehicles driving on the road.

Smog from Ultrafine Soot Particles

From an aerodynamic point of view, the coronavirus belongs to the category of ultrafine dust. Figure 2 shows the most important components, the order of magnitude, and the cycle of ultrafine dust particles and of the coronavirus2.

Ultrafine dust particles can float in the air for a very long time and can be carried far by the wind. The blurry image of large cities with a high concentration of airborne dust is known as evidence (see figure 3).

Ultrafine soot particles are smaller than the virus. They usually have an amorphous shape (see the middle image in figure 4)3.

The core pores of the filter can be seen as dark dots in the images. The ultrafine particles are lighter than the background. There are three main categories of particles in the pictures:

  1. a) Spherical shape – often oxides from high-temperature processes
  2. b) Grape-shaped form – mostly primary particles of soot
  3. c) Spherical agglomerates – mostly aged soot or mixed particles.

Ultrafine particles make up only about 1 per cent of the mass, but 80 per cent of the surface of airborne particles. They can adsorb a considerable amount of volatile organic gases (VOC) and other compounds from the precursors for secondary organic aerosols (SOA) and transport them into the human organism4.

Ultrafine particles generally tend to form conglomerates5. It may be that the coronavirus, like all fine dust particles, adsorbs ultrafine soot particles. The crown may even be able to hold a large number of soot particles. The size of the conglomerate mainly depends on the humidity of the air (see figure 5).

Ultra-small soot particles sometimes carry heavily toxic and carcinogenic substances that are deposited in the human respiratory system.

The aim of this development work is to ensure that especially heavy-duty vehicles emit significantly fewer pollutants in future. 

Analysing the Relationship Between the Emission of Ultrafine Soot Particles and the Danger of Coronavirus

The pandemics caused an enormously spreading infection in large cities such as Mexico City, New York, Hamburg, Madrid, and Milan in March and April (see figure 6)6-14.

With the introduction of curfews and contact restrictions, the number of infections decreased significantly in many cities around the world. The reduction in air pollution reflects the same decreasing tendency as the reduction in infection rates15 (see figure 7).

As a result of the restrictions and the decreasing tendency of transportation intensity in cities, there was an exponential decrease the concentration level of NO2 and PM2.5 (see figure 8).

Mexico City’s pollution level is much higher and the downward trend is not as pronounced as in the two other cities. Air pollution in Mexico City, Hamburg, and New York on 31 May 2020 is shown in figure 9.

The same tabular and graphical representation is used for the cities of New York and Hamburg (see figures 10 and 11).

Figure 12 shows the comparison of the annual air pollution with PM2.5 in the three cities examined.

What is particularly worrying is the fact that the number of days with very high concentrations in Mexico City is extremely high. The average is 26 days with 48 µg/m3. The WHO annual mean limit is 10 µg/m3, that of the EU 25 µg/m3. A limit of 20 µg/m3 will apply from 2020. The EU limit of 25 µg/m3 has been criticised for years as being too high.

Innovation Demand in Heavy Motor Vehicles

From the point of view of the spreading of virus, air pollution, primarily through ultrafine soot particles and NOx, needs to be intensively reduced in big cities. Otherwise, the greatest efforts to contain the future infections or pandemic will either be ineffective or will work for only a limited time. Diseases could come back with enormous strength.

Electric driving systems not only help the environment but also protect people’s health against infection in densely populated cities. Heavy-duty vehicles in particular, such as buses, trucks and off-road vehicles, should use more modern electric propulsion systems, alternative fuels such as bio and synthetic fuels, hydrogen, and hydrogen derivates.

Other additional measures, such as the construction of traffic-protected districts and green areas, especially in the centres of cities, are of importance. 

Summary

Commercial vehicles are motor vehicles intended for the commercial transport of goods and passengers, with light commercial vehicles often referring to vehicles under 3.5 tons. Heavy commercial vehicles are essential for the delivery of goods and people. Pollutants in cities come mainly from traffic with heavy-duty vehicles and off-road engines.

In 2022, worldwide commercial vehicle production grew to around 23.7 million units, continuing the slow recovery from a decline of 3 million units recorded in 2020. With around 13.3 million vehicles produced, North America was the leading region in the production of commercial vehicles in 202216.

Outlook

Even though electric drive systems are gaining in importance, heavy commercial vehicles and off-road machines will still be powered by the internal combustion engine in the foreseeable future. It will be necessary to improve electric drive systems and motor and exhaust gas after-treatment technology.  

Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42077111, 72261147460), the High-end Foreign Expert Introduction Program of China (G2022037007L), the Technology Innovation and Development Project of the Inner Mongolia Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (2021PT0045-02-01), the Jinan City Talent Development Project in 2021 (2021GXRC067), the Organisation Department of Sichuan Provincial Party Committee and the Department of Human Resources and Social Security of Sichuan Provincial.

About the Authors

Dr Lou ZiyangDr Lou Ziyang is a professor at the Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science and Engineering. He is a member of the China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and director of the Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai and of the China Institute for Urban Governance in Shanghai and of the Research Institute in Sichuan, Shanghai Jiao Tong University.

Michael Palocz-AndresenMichael Palocz-Andresen is a guest-professor at BUAP Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. From 2018 to 2021 he worked as a Herder-professor supported by the DAAD at the TEC de Monterrey in Mexico. He became a full professor at the University West Hungary 2005-17. He is currently a guest professor at the TU Budapest, the Leuphana University Lüneburg, and at the Shanghai Jiao Tong University. He is a Humboldt scientist and instructor of the SAE International in the USA.

References

[1] https://www.tecnosida.com/ultra-fine-dust-origin-and-effects-on-health-and-environment

[2] Dobkin, J., Diaz, C.: “Coronavirus Statistics: Tracking The Epidemic In New York”. 7 April 2020 12:45 p.m. https://gothamist.com/news/coronavirus-statistics-tracking-epidemic-new-york

[3] Andresen, L.: “Statistische Datensammlung zur Corona Pandemie”. March-April 2020. 7 April 2020.

[4] COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/

[5] Coronavirus Hamburg, Germany. https://www.ovulation-calculators.com/coronavirus/de/hamburg/

[6] “Coronavirus (COVID-19) confirmed cases in Russia as of 10 April 2020, by region”.

https://www.statista.com/statistics/1102935/coronavirus-cases-by-region-in-russia/

[7] “Number of deaths related to coronavirus (COVID-19) in Spain as of 9 April 2020, by autonomous community”. https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&q=corona+madrid+statistics

[8] “4446 Coronavirus-Infizierte bestätigt Zahl der COVID-19-Toten in Berlin in einer Woche mehr als verdoppelt”. https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/4446-coronavirus-infizierte-bestaetigt-zahl-der-COVID-19-toten-in-berlin-in-einer-woche-mehr-als-verdoppelt/25655678.html

[9] “NO2-Belastung sinkt trotz ungünstiger Wetterbedingungen messbar. Behörde für Umwelt und Energie Hamburg”. 21 April 2020. ttps://www.hamburg.de/pressearchiv-fhh/13868008/2020-04-21-bue-luftqualitaet/

[10] “Air quality during COVID-19”. Department of Health NYC. http://a816-dohbesp.nyc.gov/IndicatorPublic/Closerlook/COVIDair/

[11] POSITION PAPER. “Relazione circa l’effetto dell’inquinamento da particolato atmosferico e la diffusione di virus nella popolazione”. http://www.simaonlus.it/wpsima/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/COVID19_Position-Paper_Relazione-circa-l%E2%80%99effetto-dell%E2%80%99inquinamento-da-particolato-atmosferico-e-la-diffusione-di-virus-nella-popolazione.pdf

[12] “Feinstaub und Gesundheit. Eine Initiative des Gesundheitsreferenten des Landes Kärnten”. Klagenfurt, January 2008. http://www.wolfsberg.at/srv/img.ashx?id=1102709426

[13] Rivera, B. H., Rodriguez, M.G.: “Characterization of Airborne Particles Collected from Car Engine Air Filters Using SEM and EDX Techniques”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 1 October 2016.

[14] Mehel, A., Murzym, F.: “Effect of air velocity on nanoparticles dispersion in the wake of a vehicle model: Wind tunnel experiments”. Atmospheric Pollution Research, Volume 6, Issue 4, July 2015, pp. 612-17

[15] Coronavirus. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus

[16] Kitzler, Ch.: “Smog in Mailand. Italien riskiert hohe EU-Strafe wegen Luftqualität”. https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/smog-in-mailand-italien-riskiert-hohe-eu-strafe-wegen.1773.de.html?dram:article_id=379115

[17] https://www.statista.com/statistics/725818/truck-production-value-mexico/

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