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Domesticating the International: Reflections on a Hypothetical Philippine Indigenization of IR for the World

Philippine

By John Louis B. Benito, LPT, MA

The modern Filipino, through his or her utilization of advance technology, are more aware of what is happening beyond the Philippine border compared to generations before. Events such as their country’s conflict with China in the West Philippine Sea1 as well as every armed conflict across the world that caught OFWs in the middle made them pay attention to the international. Whether the Filipino we are referring to is working for the state or just an ordinary citizen, such awareness would mean that s/he renders opinions or ideas about the international phenomenon in which his or her collective is involved. The Philippines, in which they are a part of, then becomes an active member of the international community partially through such actions. This would also be the case even for those events that no Filipino would be involve so long as they have garnered an information about it. With all of these, the country essentially participates in the complexities of international relations. 

Scholars of International Relations (IR) may notice this prevailing trend or social reality and render a high regard for it or not. The reason may depend on their academic niche, theoretical leanings, or a research puzzle they may discover in relation. If there is indeed a regard, then an adherence towards critical posturing can also happen, perhaps an indigenization attempt. Such move is logical given that the Philippines is not that much highlighted in IR. Various questions will then follow. How can something and arguably as western as IR make sense to a Filipino and the Philippines? Shall we see Filipino ideas and actions in terms of the international through the lenses of existing theories of IR and other related school of thoughts or would a new paradigm help? Given these circumstances, for what and how then?  

A lot of questions to digest I suppose. But the practice of IR’s indigenization and its foci is nothing new in the practical world and the academe. Indigenization can be related to decolonization. Approaches related to decolonization have already existed in different parts of the world, particularly those states that have experienced colonialism and imperialism. They have tried to emphasize their own language and ways to advance their own brand of intellect and philosophies in understanding the international since they were sidelined for the longest time by their former colonial masters. Therefore, points about emancipation and justice are familiar tones to hear for this one.  

The Philippines can be a great subject for decolonization given its history. For the Filipinos essentially, considering that they are fond of owning something from the foreign like Roman Catholicism2, the indigenization of international relations discussions and events seems to already exist in their own means and ways. But in the academic institutions that are concerned to them as a national collective, the status quo is hanging in the balance. The phrase “hanging in the balance” is generous, as my observation renders me the conclusion that the concern for IR’s indigenization in the Philippines is almost non-existent. This role from the academe is crucial, as there would be no formally recognizable Philippine “brand” of IR without their analyses and rationalizations.  

Nevertheless, for the sake of intellectual pursuit, we can still infer that an indigenization of IR in the Philippines is still worthy to be pondered upon. Considering myself as a continuing student of the Social Sciences, the arduous attempts of indigenization in general of various Filipino scholars is a topic well-covered in our undergraduate classes. Although I am not a specialist or expert in the likes of Pantayong Pananaw3 and Sikolohiyang Pilipino4, I can still remember the passion of my former professors in honing our thinking with their frameworks or at least make us generally knowledgeable about them. These of course have their vocal supporters and critics also within the academe except for International Studies. Assuming that one from IR would take interest in making this as their niche or to rattle the discipline, there are three general questions to possibly reflect on: (1) What would the novel aspects of a possible theory be? (2) Who would want to pursue such endeavor? and (3) Will it provide new explanations and approaches for Philippine foreign policy? 

What would the novel aspects of the possible theory be?  

An introduction of a paradigm shift or even just a simple new angle in a discipline or field generally requires its ability to analyze, explain, and even recommend. If the process of IR’s indigenization in the Philippines will be successful, it must have a theoretical foundation. But what would be its novel aspects and the variables that it will consider? There is no answer for this one yet. However, the journal article of Dreisbach and Angeles back in 20195 emphasized a working framework to create a theoretical basis. They illustrated an indigenization from within and without to spearhead the process. This would also be the only attempt of Filipino IR scholars in indigenization that I know, and it only attempted to build the track and not to start the race. 

Despite no further effort existing so far, the working framework can be a good commencement to at least hypothesize what are the variables considered for a future theory. The process of indigenization requires an emphasis on the culture, behavior, philosophies, and language of the Filipino people. With appropriate methodologies, anyone who would make this an academic endeavor may find something novel or unique from the Philippines and their connection to IR. That is, if an IR scholar would want to.  

Who would want to pursue such endeavor? 

Every academic in IR, just like in any discipline of the Social Sciences, have their own biases tamed by facts and methods of objectivity. They have their own preferences defended by their own justifications and empirical evidence. In the case of the possible indigenization of IR in the Philippines, there is no significant number of scholars showing interest. I can only personally speculate as to why. Maybe they already find the existing theories sufficient to explain the Philippines in the international system. Maybe they just don’t find it interesting at all. 

Even so, we can still create an ideal candidate with qualifications and pinpoint the will to accomplish indigenization. The nationality and citizenship of the scholar matter. It only makes sense since no one can arguably provide better understanding about the Philippines and what they think about the foreign more than a Filipino. Regarding the will to accomplish on the other hand, we may consider the extremes to locate interest. The academe can be shaken by the material world it analyzes. So, we can say that the initiative may start from the unique constructs of a social collective about international relations within the country that scholars might notice. Emphasis on the word “unique” for this one is important, as it should be a definite outlier.  

Still the question remains. What is the reason behind as to why no IR scholar initiates this? If we are to observe the nuances of their focus, they are more bound to consider what is happening externally or on the systemic level. Not that they disregard domestic phenomena, but these mostly falls on the realm of anthropology, sociology, as well as psychology and history. For IR scholars, the use of the domestic lies on its relations with foreign affairs. Probably it would take an IR academic heavily devoted to other disciplines and fields of the Social Sciences to deeply theorize and build the foundations of the supposed indigenization. Someone who can also see the practical benefits of such move, like in policy making.  

Will it provide new explanations and approaches for Philippine foreign policy? 

International Relations has its own practical benefits as its foci can be dissected to International Security, International Political Economy, International Organizations, International Law, and International Development. Various international and state actors sought an IR specialist to create and recommend policies for their own strategic functions. For the Philippines, IR is an essential for its foreign policy. Therefore, in relation to the indigenization we are thinking about, the question of its ability to later provide recommendations and explanations to current affairs related to the Philippines would be vital.  

Of course, a theory must first be settled. This is the reason why I think it will be difficult if this endeavor would have any policy value. But one thing is for sure. For it to be a worthy one, it must be something beneficial for how this country plan its foreign relations.  

The Bigger Question and Picture 

Aside from the three questions we just pondered, an encompassing question takes precedence over them: is indigenization something that we should pursue? It is for academics, particularly Filipino ones, to decide if the answer would be yes or no to this normative question. Moreover, this is a question not only for the Philippines but for various states as well, particularly those that do not yield enough power nor influence. Zooming out then from our focus, it is important to ask whether it is valuable to have an indigenized theories about international affairs coming from scholars across the world. I understand the call for recognition for those that are not recognized. The lack of recognition for the perspectives of the minority is exactly why IR is branded as something that is only relevant to the western hemisphere, especially by those who adhere to postcolonial approaches. There could be a noble and intellectual purpose on learning other existing nuanced variables for the most pressing questions and problems in the contemporary world like poverty, climate change, migration, security, etc.  

On the other hand, maybe indigenized theories or attempts for such are no longer needed, for the experiences of the state and non-state actors they pertain to are already considered, categorized, or discarded in certain typologies and assumptions of other existing theories.  An example of this would be the neorealist’s point of view about war or security. As it focuses on the systemic level, whatever domestic occurrences within states are to be reserved no emphasis. This may sound as a snubbing point, but that is just an expected consequence of necessary discriminations.  

Another aspect to think about would be the citizens themselves and the state. Is there really a unique understanding from the ground or a need for one? Is there a distorted perspective to the point that they need an enlightening way of understanding international relations imbued with emancipation and justice? Or are they fine with the existing languages of IR and there is no need to rock the boat?  

For the sake of openness, I render an agnostic stance for this one. This article’s purpose is just to be an invitation for other academics to consider thinking about the idea anyway. The Philippines here is only a case, so the invitation is reserved for scholars of all nationalities and citizenships. In the end, whether this may result to a debate or a floundering, I have this belief that every single person in this world should be at least introduced to IR. This is an agenda worthy to be pursue not only in the Philippines, but also on other states that do not play a major role in the system. A small residence is still a residence that should matter and count in the global village. The people within should be familiar with the storylines despite the possibility that they are not the main characters. Whether the academe in the Philippines and other states pursue indigenization or not, what I think can generally be agreed upon is the importance that international affairs should be studied by everyone, and at least allow an individual to create a guided analysis about it. Only IR can provide that guided analysis.

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About the Author

John Louis

John Louis B. Benito, LPT, MA is a lecturer at the Department of International Studies of De La Salle University in Manila, Philippines. He earned his MA degree in International Studies, major in European Studies from the same university. His research interests and publications include International Migration, Critical Security, and Sustainable Development. He aims to contribute knowledge and directions in the academe and policy making circles about international relations well into the future. 

References 

  1. Cornelio, Jayeel S. “Popular Religion and the Turn to Everyday Authenticity: Reflections on the Contemporary Study of Philippine Catholicism.” Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints 62, no. 3-4 (2014): 471–500. https://doi.org/10.1353/phs.2014.0024. 
  2. Dreisbach, Jeconiah Louis, and Roche Christine C Angeles. “‘HOME-GROWNING’ INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS in the PHILIPPINES: A PRE-THEORISATION.” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 24, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 91–108. https://doi.org/10.22452/jati.vol24no2.6. 
  3. Morales, Rhisan Mae E. “Into China’s Rough Seas: Troubled Maritime Institutions in the West Philippine Sea – Implications for Philippine National Security.” Contemporary Chinese Political Economy and Strategic Relations: An International Journal 5, no. 1 (2019): 33–76. 
  4. Pe-Pua, Rogelia, and Elizabeth A. Protacio-Marcelino. “Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino Psychology): A Legacy of Virgilio G. Enriquez.” Asian Journal of Social Psychology 3, no. 1 (April 2000): 49–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-839x.00054. 
  5. Reyes, Portia L. “Fighting over a Nation: Theorizing a Filipino Historiography.” Postcolonial Studies 11, no. 3 (September 2008): 241–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/13688790802226645.   

How Anti-GMO Disinformation Fuels Anti-Western Narratives and Threatens Food Security in Africa

Anti-GMO

By Gbemisola Adebowale

“There is hunger in the land.” This refrain has become alarmingly common as Africa’s food security crisis worsens. According to the UN, one in five Africans suffers from chronic hunger and has little or no access to food. Nigeria’s food security is at an overwhelmingly low rate, with over 30 million people projected to be food insecure in the coming year.  

These depressing statistics reflect challenges such as climate change, conflict, economic stagnation, and antiquated agricultural practices. Despite these challenges, a promising solution—genetically modified organisms (GMOs)—is caught in a web of disinformation and mistrust. 

While GMOs have the potential to transform agriculture by increasing crop resilience to pests and climate extremes, the spread of anti-GMO narratives has slowed their adoption. These narratives, often intertwined with anti-Western sentiment, portray GMOs as tools of neo-colonial exploitation. This disinformation erodes trust in biotechnology and jeopardises food security.  

The Roots and Impact of Anti-GMO Disinformation 

Disinformation about GMOs is not new. Narratives presenting genetically modified crops as poisonous and unnatural have persisted since the early days of maize and cowpea, as well as more recent breakthroughs like TELA maize. In Nigeria, social media platforms are saturated with allegations connecting GMOs to diseases like cancer—claims that lack scientific support. For example, during the 2024 rollout of TELA maize, a prominent politician openly criticised the technology as dangerous, increasing public distrust despite evidence to the contrary. 

Beyond health issues, disinformation frequently portrays GMOs as an instrument for economic dominance. A popular argument is that GMO seeds are “terminator seeds,” incapable of reproduction, thereby indefinitely binding African farmers to the West. Although clearly incorrect, such narratives resonate on a continent with a history of exploitation and distrust of foreign interventions. 

Past controversies, such as the Pfizer meningitis drug trials in Nigeria in the 1990s, have only reinforced this suspicion. The controversy involved allegations of informed consent violations and impacted public perceptions of foreign-led scientific interventions. Anti-GMO organisations capitalise on these historical frustrations, fuelling concerns that biotechnology represents a new frontier of neocolonial domination. 

Anti-GMO Narratives as Anti-Western Messaging 

The correlation between anti-GMO misinformation and anti-Western stance is undeniable. GMOs are often portrayed in Africa as a Western imposition designed to undermine local farming practices and agricultural autonomy. These storylines have taken centre stage on social media sites. Pro-Russian influencers, for example, frequently mix anti-GMO rhetoric with broader anti-Western themes, depicting GMOs as part of a Western plot to economically and culturally control Africa. Take, for example, a Kenyan pro-Russian account that claimed GMOs could be weaponised to alter gender and sexual identity—a claim without scientific backing. Similarly, notable Nigerian voices, including political and religious leaders, have utilised their platforms to spread fear about GMOs, using their influence to create echo chambers of disinformation.  

These narratives are more than just digital tale-telling; they have real-world consequences. Public opposition to GMOs contributes to government hesitance in approving new biotechnologies. In Nigeria, the approval of genetically modified potatoes was delayed in 2024 following a public outcry fuelled by disinformation.  

Missed Opportunities for Food Security 

The cost of rejecting GMOs is significant, particularly for a continent already dealing with food insecurity. Genetically modified crops have shown major benefits in various parts of the world. In China, for example, Bt cotton has reduced pesticide use by up to 80% while raising farmers’ profit by 36%. Similarly, in Hawaii, genetically modified papaya saved the industry from devastation by the ringspot virus in the 1990s. 

Nigeria has seen success with genetically modified cowpeas, known locally as beans. Developed to resist the destructive pod borer pest, the crop has increased yields while reducing dependency on chemical pesticides. Yet, despite these successes, disinformation continues to cast doubt on the safety and efficacy of GMOs, limiting their widespread adoption. 

The implications for Africa’s food security are dire. With climate change intensifying droughts and limiting arable land, the need for resilient crop varieties is more urgent than ever. GMOs provide a pathway to address these challenges, but only if public trust in the technology is restored. This rebuilding of confidence is not just a goal but a necessity for the survival of African agriculture. 

Turning the Tide: Solutions to Disinformation 

Combating anti-GMO disinformation demands a multifaceted approach. First, governments and research institutions must invest in public awareness initiatives that debunk GMOs and dispel prevalent myths. This involves encouraging balanced reporting in the media to combat sensationalism and ensure the public receives factual information on GMOs. In addition, media literacy programs can assist people in distinguishing between credible and false information, allowing them to make more informed decisions. 

Second, collaboration with trusted local influencers—religious leaders, traditional rulers, and community organisers—can bridge the communication gap between scientists and the public. By leveraging their credibility, these figures can counter anti-GMO narratives in a way that appeals to local audiences. 

Third, increased transparency in the regulatory process for GMOs can build public trust. This includes clear communication about the rigorous safety assessments that GMOs go through before being approved, which can help dispel fears of health and environmental risks. Additionally, emphasising success stories from other countries can demonstrate the practical benefits of biotechnology. 

Finally, collaborative partnerships between science-focused fact-checking organisations and social media platforms can be pivotal in addressing anti-GMO disinformation. By ensuring that debunked falsehoods receive as much visibility as the initial disinformation, these partnerships can help neutralise the impact of harmful narratives. This can be done by integrating real-time fact-checking mechanisms into platforms and creating algorithms that prioritise the dissemination of verified, science-based content to counteract misleading information effectively.   

Nigeria’s food security concerns necessitate prompt and inventive answers, but disinformation about GMOs threatens to hamper the progress. Anti-GMO narratives weaken trust in biotechnology while also fuelling larger anti-Western sentiment by presenting GMOs as neocolonial control instruments. 

Policymakers, scientists, and community leaders must take aggressive action to reverse this trend. Public education, innovative alliances, and transparent communication can combat disinformation and unlock GMOs’ promise to improve agriculture. The risks are significant, but so is the chance to ensure Nigeria’s food security in the future. 

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About the Author

Gbemisola Adebowale

Gbemisola Adebowale is a legal practitioner and fact-checker specialising in combating disinformation and influencing public policy. She focusses on addressing information disorder within Nigeria’s intricate political environment. 

Pledging vs. Selling Shares: Making the Right Choice in Your Trading Journey

Successful of trader use phone trading stock exchange graph money

Navigating the dynamic world of stock trading often requires strategic financial decisions. Two common approaches for managing assets are pledging shares and selling them. Each method has advantages and drawbacks, and understanding their implications can help investors make informed decisions to optimise their trading strategies.

What Does Pledging Shares Mean?

Pledging shares involves using your shares as collateral to secure a loan. This practice allows individuals, companies, or promoters to retain ownership of their shares while accessing funds for purposes such as margin trading, meeting working capital requirements, or clearing existing debts. Unlike selling, pledging enables investors to leverage their holdings without liquidating assets.

How Does Pledging Work?

Shares are evaluated for their market value, and a percentage called a “haircut” is applied. After approval, the lender provides a loan based on the adjusted value of the pledged shares. For instance, if you pledge shares worth ₹10 lakhs, and the lender applies a 20% haircut, the collateral value is ₹8 lakhs. This safeguard protects lenders against market volatility.

Advantages of Pledging Shares

The following are some of the key advantages of pledging shares:

  • Access to Secured Loans: Borrowers can obtain lower interest rates than unsecured options.
  • Liquidity Without Selling: Investors can retain ownership of their shares and benefit from potential price appreciation and dividend payouts.
  • No Tax Implications: Pledging does not trigger tax liabilities as the shares are not sold.
  • Increased Trading Margins: Traders can enhance their trading capacity by unlocking funds in their holdings.

Disadvantages of Pledging Shares

The following are some of the key disadvantages of pledging shares:

  • Market Risks: A decline in share prices can reduce the collateral value, leading to additional margin requirements.
  • Default Consequences: If the borrower fails to repay, the lender may sell the pledged shares, impacting both the borrower and the market.
  • Reputation Risks for Promoters: Defaulting on pledged shares can negatively affect the company’s image and share prices.

Selling Shares: A Comparison

Selling shares involves liquidating assets to generate immediate funds. While this method avoids the risks of pledging, it results in losing ownership and potential future gains. Additionally, selling shares may attract capital gains tax and limit investors’ ability to capitalise on market upswings.

Key Considerations for Investors

  • Trading Goals: Pledging suits those seeking funds for trading without losing ownership, while selling is ideal for immediate liquidity.
  • Market Conditions: In bullish markets, pledging may offer better outcomes. However, in bearish conditions, selling might minimise risks.
  • Risk Tolerance: Understanding the risks of pledged shares, especially during market volatility, is crucial.

Conclusion

Both pledging and selling shares serve distinct financial purposes. While pledging offers the advantage of liquidity without forfeiting ownership, selling provides immediate cash flow. Investors can determine the most suitable approach by assessing individual goals, risk appetite, and market conditions. Leveraging a reliable trading app can enhance decision-making and trading success for seamless trading and efficient pledge management.

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How to Choose the Right Charity for Your Christmas Donations

Right Charity for Your Christmas Donations

The holiday season is a time for giving, reflection, and spreading joy. Many people celebrate this spirit by donating to charities, but with countless organisations vying for support, it can be overwhelming to decide where to give.

Choosing the right charity not only ensures your donation makes a meaningful impact but also aligns your values with a cause you deeply care about.

Why Your Choice of Charity Matters

Every dollar donated has the potential to create significant change. However, not all charities operate with the same level of transparency, efficiency, or focus. By carefully selecting a charity, you can ensure your contribution supports meaningful programs and reaches the people or causes that need it most.

Aligning your donation with causes like education, healthcare, or social justice allows you to contribute to a larger movement for equality and empowerment. Your choice reflects your values and the legacy of giving you want to leave.

Understanding Your Priorities

Before researching specific charities, take a moment to reflect on the issues that matter most to you.

Identifying Your Passion

Do you feel strongly about helping children in need, addressing climate change, or supporting social justice initiatives? Identifying your passion will narrow down your options and make your decision more personal and impactful.

Setting Donation Goals

Decide whether you want to make a one-time donation or establish a recurring contribution. You should also consider whether you prefer to support a local charity or an international organisation.

Researching Charities

Once you’ve identified your priorities, it’s time to research charities that align with your goals. This step ensures your donation goes to a trustworthy and effective organisation.

Check for Transparency and Accountability

Look for charities that openly share their financial records, annual reports, and impact assessments. Websites like GuideStar and Charity Navigator provide detailed ratings and reviews of non-profit organisations.

Focus on Impact

Examine how much of the charity’s revenue goes directly to programs versus administrative costs. High-impact charities often dedicate the majority of their funds to initiatives that deliver measurable results.

Read Testimonials and Stories

Hearing from beneficiaries or donors can provide insight into how a charity operates and the difference it’s making. Personal stories often reveal the human side of an organisation’s work.

Choosing a Cause

The holiday season is an opportunity to support causes that resonate with the spirit of giving. Here are some popular areas of focus to consider:

Supporting Social Justice

Social justice organisations work to address systemic inequalities in areas such as education, healthcare, housing, and civil rights. By donating to these groups, you can help promote equality and fairness in society.

Helping the Homeless

Shelters and organisations that provide housing and support for homeless individuals often experience increased demand during the holidays. Your donation can help provide warm meals, clothing, and shelter to those in need.

Promoting Environmental Sustainability

Many charities work tirelessly to combat climate change and protect natural resources. Supporting environmental causes is a way to invest in the future of the planet for generations to come.

Contributing to Global Health

Charities that focus on global health issues address problems such as malnutrition, access to clean water, and disease prevention. These efforts save lives and improve quality of life for vulnerable populations.

Making Your Donation Count

Once you’ve selected a charity, consider ways to maximise the impact of your donation.

Match Your Donation

Check if your employer offers a donation-matching program. This can double the impact of your contribution at no extra cost to you.

Donate Thoughtfully

If you’re giving a tangible gift, such as clothing or food, ensure it meets the specific needs of the charity. Financial donations are often the most versatile and impactful.

Share Your Experience

Encourage others to contribute by sharing your reasons for choosing a particular charity. Social media and personal conversations can inspire your network to get involved.

Giving Beyond the Holidays

While Christmas is a popular time for charitable giving, consider supporting your chosen cause throughout the year. Many charities rely on consistent contributions to fund their programs and operations.

Volunteer Your Time

In addition to financial donations, volunteering can be a rewarding way to give back. Many charities welcome extra hands during the busy holiday season and beyond.

Spread Awareness

Advocacy is another powerful way to support your chosen cause. Educating others about the importance of social justice, environmental conservation, or global health can amplify the impact of your efforts.

Creating a Personal Legacy of Giving

Donating to charity is more than a financial transaction; it’s a way to make a difference and embody the true meaning of the season. By carefully selecting a cause and organisation that aligns with your values, you can ensure your contribution creates lasting change.

This Christmas, take the time to research, reflect, and give with intention. Your thoughtful donation can uplift communities, inspire hope, and contribute to a better world for all. Whether supporting social justice, aiding the homeless, or protecting the environment, your act of kindness is a powerful testament to the spirit of giving.

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How Scrap Car Removal Helps the Environment: A Greener Choice

car
Image by Karlee Heck from Pixabay

By Mansoor Mehraban

As cars get older, they start to lose their efficiency and become more of a nuisance. Used, forgotten, or rusted cars typically accumulate dust in garages, driveways, etc., and become a menace to the environment. These vehicles can drip toxic fluids, discharge noxious fumes, and create waste that’s not needed. 

Due to the current advancement in the Canadian market in the area of environmental conservation, the best method that is now being embraced is scrap car removal. 

Now, let’s discuss below how the removal of scrap cars enhances people’s quality of life and the environment.

What Is Scrap Car Removal?

Scrap car removal Toronto, as well as other great cities in Canada, deals in properly and effectively removing old, damaged, or unwanted vehicles in the city. Professionals have a way of determining the condition of the disposed-of vehicle. Simply put, they tow it and ensure that the different parts of the car are recycled, used again, or disposed of properly.

In Canada, this scrap car removal service has become popular, as it is helpful and environmentally friendly. These services are meant to reduce the effects of abandoned vehicles on the environment while at the same time providing financial benefits to people with cars. Thus, people can hire certified and reputable organizers to help donate items, clean up their spaces and contribute to sustainability.

The Environmental Impact of Abandoned Vehicles

  • Pollution Hazards from Old Cars

One issue with abandoned cars is that they have environmental implications. These emissions, as a matter of fact, are known to release hazardous substances such as oil, brake fluid, and antifreeze, which find their way into the groundwater.

Such pollutants are dangerous since they can have adverse effects on plants, animals, and human life. Such vehicles also contribute to greenhouse gas emissions in the long run, thereby adding to Canada’s carbon footprint.

  • Space and Resource Wastage 

Old cars take up space—space that could be better used as landfills, on driveways, or in public spaces. This unnecessary clutter not only pollutes the urban environment but also barrens land resources. Reusing these cars liberates space and makes for more efficient use of resources. 

  •  Carbon Emissions from Old Cars

Old vehicles have engines that are out of date and, therefore, emit more CO2 and other pollutants. Disposing of these cars from usage and recycling them will aid in reducing emissions, which consequently improves air quality.

How Scrap Car Removal Helps the Environment

  • Recycling Metal and Materials

Recycling metals like steel, aluminium, and copper is made easier through scrap car removal services. Since the recycling of such materials uses much less energy compared to mining new materials, recycling them is a more reasonable choice. Some of these metals can be used again and again in various industries, hence reducing the need to use virgin materials, hence helping in the conservation of resources.

  • Proper Disposal of Toxic Components

Some parts of the cars such as the batteries, tires, and air conditioning are known to pose some hazards. Affordable and easy scrap car removal services make the management of these parts in accordance with the Canadian environmental standards of disposal. This, in turn, does not allow the release of toxins into the environment and encourages proper disposal of wastes. 

Economic and Community Benefits of Scrap Car Removal

As it turns out, scrap car removal is more than a service that will help to clean the environment — it’s also a way to boost the economy and support communities. By recycling vehicles, these services generate employment in the recycling companies, towing services, and other related businesses.

Also, the owners of cars can even make a lot of money by disposing of their old cars for scrap. Some other key effects of this practice include the better organization of neighbourhoods and the appearance of cities, which positively affect the quality of life of citizens.

How to Choose an Eco-Friendly Scrap Car Removal Service in Canada?

Scrap car removal services are not the same for all. When choosing a service, only choose those providers who have a license and who are conversant with sustainable management of the environment.

Reviews and certifications, as a matter of fact, might also come in handy to make sure that the company you are going to work with is a responsible one. Selecting green scrap car removal services is a good way to make a contribution to the environment and contribute to the protection of the environment. 

Canadian Initiatives Supporting Scrap Car Removal

Canada has been very keen on promoting proper disposal of eco-friendly cars through a number of programs and incentives. For instance, Toronto, Vancouver, and Calgary have put in place great measures that can help people dispose of old cars in the right manner. 

The services that provide free scrap car pickup in Toronto also increase convenience to encourage the recycling of cars for the environment. Scrap car removal services are in line with the foregoing goals to help the country embrace a green future.

Eco-Friendly Tips Before Scrapping Your Car

Before sending your car to a scrap yard, there are some tips to help you get the most out of it for the environment: Recyclable or reclaimed items like batteries, tires, and mirrors should also be taken out. Electronics, for example, radios and GPSs can also be sold or given away. 

Last but not least, check for the scrap yards near you that meet environmental standards and have a positive record of practising environmentally friendly management.

Ready to make a difference? If yes, select a scrap car removal service that is licensed today and be part of making the world a better place. 

Final Words

It is not only a convenient way of disposing of old cars, but it is the right thing to do in today’s world. This practice serves the purpose of recycling materials, preventing pollution, and conserving resources. This, in turn, gives a boost to the environment, economy, and communities in Canada.

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About the Author

Mansoor Mehraban is a digital strategist and leader at Nasr Solutions, an IT contracting agency specializing in SEO services. With a passion for helping businesses scale their digital presence, Mansoor brings years of expertise in search engine optimization and paid advertising strategies. Outside of the digital realm, he’s a dedicated weightlifting and bodybuilding enthusiast, as well as an avid practitioner of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. When not working or training, Mansoor enjoys exploring ways to build impactful businesses and refine his skills both on and off the mat. 

Putin Open to Talks on Ukraine with Trump, Dismisses Immediate Truce

trump with ukraine

Russian President Vladimir Putin expressed readiness to negotiate over the Ukraine conflict, signaling openness to talks with U.S. President-elect Donald Trump. Speaking during his annual televised Q&A, Putin reiterated Russia’s willingness to compromise but emphasized that any agreement must align with Moscow’s objectives, including its territorial claims.

Putin ruled out conditions for initiating talks with Ukraine, stating his readiness to negotiate with anyone, including Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy. However, he stressed that any deal must be signed by Ukraine’s legitimate authorities, which Russia currently recognizes as the Ukrainian parliament. He noted Zelenskiy would need re-election under martial law for Moscow to consider him a valid signatory.

Rejecting the idea of a temporary truce, Putin insisted on a long-term peace agreement, referencing a preliminary deal negotiated early in the war that was never implemented. Ukrainian leaders have criticized the draft as capitulatory.

The conflict, which began with Russia’s 2022 invasion, has devastated Ukraine, leaving tens of thousands dead and millions displaced. While Russian forces have captured significant territory, Putin described the fighting as complex but progressing toward Russia’s stated goals. He also claimed the Russian economy, despite inflationary pressures, is outperforming Western economies like Britain’s.

Putin said he regretted not launching the invasion earlier, asserting that Russia should have been better prepared. Addressing questions on his leadership, he claimed to have safeguarded Russia’s sovereignty and moved the nation “back from the edge of the abyss.”

In Brussels, Zelenskiy dismissed Putin’s remarks on missile tests and negotiations, questioning the Russian leader’s sanity during a European Council press conference.

Related Readings:

political action against raising the retirement age organized by Alexei Navalny

Russian Sanctions

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Streamlining Legal Contract Audits: How Automation Enhances Due Diligence

Legal Contract Audits

Introduction: Revolutionizing Contract Review

The complexity of legal contract audits can be daunting. Auditors must scrutinize every detail to ensure compliance and prevent liabilities. Automation is transforming this critical process by simplifying tasks and enhancing accuracy, reshaping how companies handle their legal obligations. This article explores how automation through contract management tools significantly improves the efficiency and effectiveness of legal contract audits.

Empowering Audits with the Best Contract Management Software

Modern businesses are turning to the best contract management software to streamline their legal contract audits. These platforms automate tedious aspects of the audit process, such as document retrieval and data analysis, freeing up legal teams to focus on more strategic tasks. Enhanced search functions and tagging capabilities ensure that relevant documents are easily accessible, while advanced analytics provide insights into contract compliance, risks, and obligations.

Error Reduction and Increased Accuracy

Manual contract reviews are prone to human error, which can be costly in terms of both time and resources. Automation helps mitigate these errors by using algorithms to scan, identify, and flag issues within contracts quickly and accurately. This precision allows legal teams to address potential problems before they escalate, ensuring that all contracts meet current laws and regulations.

Speeding Up the Audit Process

Time is often of the essence when it comes to contract audits, especially in environments where regulatory requirements change frequently. Automation speeds up the review process without sacrificing detail. Automated workflows can trigger necessary actions, send reminders, and ensure that each step of the audit is completed on time. This not only makes the process faster but also more reliable.

Enhancing Compliance and Risk Management

Effective risk management is crucial for any business, and automated contract audits play a vital role in identifying and mitigating risks. Automation software can compare contract terms against compliance standards and previous audits to highlight discrepancies and areas of concern. This proactive approach to compliance helps organizations avoid legal pitfalls and maintain good standing in their respective industries.

Case Studies: Automation in Action

Many companies have successfully implemented automated systems to improve their contract audit processes. For instance, a global financial services firm integrated contract management software to automate their audit trails, resulting in a 30% reduction in audit time and a significant decrease in compliance issues. Another example is a healthcare provider that used automated tools to manage contracts across multiple facilities, enhancing compliance with healthcare regulations and improving service delivery.

Getting Started with Automated Contract Audits

To reap the benefits of automation, companies should consider their specific needs when choosing contract management software. Important features might include compliance tracking, ease of integration with existing systems, and the ability to handle the specific types of contracts used by the company. Training and support are also key to ensuring that staff can effectively utilize the software to conduct thorough audits.

Conclusion: Looking Ahead with Automated Contract Management

Incorporating the best contract management software into legal operations is more than a technological upgrade; it’s a strategic enhancement to the foundational practices of any business. As companies continue to face increasing regulatory pressures and the need for operational transparency, automated tools offer a reliable and efficient solution for managing legal contract audits. By adopting these technologies, businesses not only safeguard their operations against compliance risks but also position themselves for smoother, more successful future audits.

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The Path to Sustainable Transport: Economic Growth for a Green Future?

Aerial top view of a red car driving on highway road in green forest. Sustainable transport.

By Lilly Gebert, Emin Khalilov, Sebastian Schöttke, and Michael Palocz-Andresen

Introduction

With road freight transportation holding a significant share of approximately 75% in the EU market, it stands as a cornerstone in freight logistics. The environmental impact of road freight transportation is closely tied to the increasing demand for goods driven by factors like the growing population, international treaties. The flexibility of door-to-door service underscores the dominance of road transport [1].

This dominance comes with environmental costs and raises concerns, with a projected doubling of the CO2 emissions by 2030. The transport-related greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) reach nearly 30% in 2021, demanding immediate sustainable solutions.

Addressing these environmental challenges posed by road freight transportation necessitates a multifaceted approach, including after-market solutions for existing trucks and fleet modernization. In the Netherlands for example the replacement cycle for a truck fleet spans about seven years, underlining time required for comprehensive fleet modernization.

In Terms of fuel diesel remains the dominant fuel source, but a study conducted in the Netherlands claims that electric trucks are anticipated to become more common in the next years. Despite this prediction, diesel trucks still maintain a considerable dominance in the present context. That is why it is necessary to reduce the emissions of the fuel consumption by using eco-friendly fuels. Furthermore, it is not only the sustainable operation of a truck itself, supporting factors like the materials for the trucks, the tires or the streets have a substantial share of environmental pollution in this sector.

Balancing sustainability with economic viability is crucial, particularly with the increasing tolls and higher CO2 pricing in the EU, leading to elevated costs for all Stakeholders. In Germany, road freight transport holds a 70% of total freight transportation, emphasizing its position as the major driver in climate protection and sustainability efforts within the transport sector.

Exploring concepts of sustainable trucking 

In the realm of road freight transportation, sustainability is becoming a driving force, encouraging innovation across major brands. The industry focuses on two primary alternatives: fully electric and hydrogen-powered trucks. Sustainable truck concepts take both long-haul and short-haul applications into account and must be tailored to the operational requirements.

The Clean logistics SE pioneers the conversion of 40-ton diesel trucks into fuel cell-powered trucks with the HyBatt model. This approach, ranging 400-500 km (mass production vehicles up to 1,000 km), with 45 KG of hydrogen per truck, offers a material-friendly solution for climate-friendly fleets without the need for new vehicle purchases.

Mercedes-Benz introduces the eActros, a fully electric truck with a 400-500km range, and the GenH2, a hydrogen-powered truck achieving a record distance of 1,047 km in 2023. Emphasizing high-capacity utilization and carbon-neutral production from 2022, Mercedes-Benz prioritizes efficiency and sustainability throughout the lifecycle.

Scania adopts a diversified strategy focusing on alternative fuels, electromobility, and hybrid solutions. They want 50% of vehicle sales in the electric sector by 2030, Sancia’s combustion engines run on various alternative fuels achieving significant emission reductions.

Efficiency is crucial in drive concepts. Fuel cells offer approximately 60% efficiency, outperforming diesel, and petrol engines. Electric drives, with around 90% efficiency, present low-wear challenges but require climate-neutral electricity and vehicle production for zero emissions.

The exploration of sustainable truck concepts embodies a dynamic industry landscape, where innovation aligns with environmental consciousness, shaping the future of road freight transportation.

Volvos electric truck

In those changing conditions Volvo came up with an electric truck using lithium-ion batteries.

In one truck there are 5 to 6 Battery complexes. One Battery complex weights about 505 kg and has a capacity of 90 kWh. The range of one charging cycle is about 450 km.

A lithium-ion battery typically consists of several key components. The anode is commonly made of carbon or graphite and stores lithium ions during charging. Cathode materials may include lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide, or lithium iron phosphate. The electrolyte, comprising a lithium salt dissolved in an organic solvent, facilitates the movement of lithium ions between the anode and cathode during charge and discharge cycles. Lithium-ion batteries exhibit several characteristics that make them highly desirable. They offer high energy density, meaning they can store a large amount of energy in a compact and lightweight package. These batteries also provide relatively stable voltage output during discharge, ensuring consistent power delivery to electronic devices. Furthermore, they can be charged at a relatively fast rate, enabling quick recharging of devices when needed. With a low self-discharge rate, lithium-ion batteries retain their charge well during periods of inactivity, making them suitable for applications requiring long-term storage. Materials like Nickel, Cobalt and Lithium are rare materials.

The known reserves of nickel in 2021, totaling more than 95 million tons, will only last for approximately 35 years at the constant production level of 2021. According to experts the reserves of cobalt will last for another 11 years, if consumption is not reduced. The current reserves amount to approximately 15 million tons of lithium. This means that with a demand of 240,000 tons, the resource’s lifespan would be around 60 years. However, if we calculate the static range using the demand for 2050, we arrive at approximately 13 years. Experts predict a linear increase in the demand for nickel, cobalt, and lithium. By 2025, the demand for each material is still below 500 kilotons. By 2040, the demand for lithium is expected to reach 3000 kilotons, while the demand for nickel is projected to reach 4000 kilotons. The demand for cobalt is expected to increase only to 500 kilotons.

Global demand for raw minerals to 2040

Figure 1: Global demand for raw minerals to 2040

Due to the rarity and increasing demand for rare materials, it becomes evident that a transition to alternative batteries will be necessary in the long term. In consideration are Lithium Iron Phosphate batteries. It is a type of lithium-ion battery using lithium iron phosphate as the cathode material. The Lithium Iron Phosphate battery offers significant advantages over conventional Lithium-ion batteries. It boasts enhanced safety, extended cycle life, robust thermal stability, environmental sustainability by eliminating toxic cobalt and nickel, and price stability due to reduced reliance on costly resources. While Lithium Iron Phosphate batteries offer numerous advantages, they do come with some drawbacks compared to traditional Lithium-ion batteries. One notable disadvantage is their lower energy density, which results in a reduced capacity to store energy per unit volume or weight. This lower energy density can lead to larger and heavier battery packs, making Lithium Iron Phosphate batteries less suitable for applications where space and weight are critical factors.

As the global transition to electric mobility gains momentum, the question of sustainability emerges with increasing urgency. Among the challenges posed by this transition, the issue of battery disposal and recycling from electric trucks stands out as a critical concern. Not only due to the limited materials, recycling of old batteries is increasingly gaining importance, but also because of the strict recycling quotas of the EU. For instance, nickel and cobalt must be recycled to 90 percent by 2027, and to 95 percent by 2031. For lithium, the minimum requirements are set at 50 and 80 percent, respectively. However, currently, recycling batteries is still very labor-intensive [2].

Redwood Materials has emerged as a leader in the burgeoning field of battery recycling. They try to create a circular supply chain for electric vehicles by recycle, refine, and remanufacture the old batteries with a recovery rate greater than 95 percent. Redwood Materials expands into Europe through a partnership with Redux Recycling GmbH, the premier lithium-ion battery recycler in the European Union, making it well-equipped to meet the growing demand in the fastest-growing electric vehicle market globally. Recycling represents the final step in the battery lifecycle. Once a battery has reached the end of its usable life, recycling allows for the recovery of valuable materials such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel, which can be used in the production of new batteries or other products [3].

Volvos truck out of fossil free steel

Volvo, as a leader in the automotive industry, has set a remarkable example by committing to the production of trucks that minimize environmental impact, not only through their operational efficiency but also through the materials used in their construction. The use of sustainable materials in the production of e-trucks is an essential aspect of ensuring environmental responsibility.

In October 2021, Volvo Group and SSAB revealed the world’s first vehicle constructed from fossil-free steel. This pioneering development marks a significant milestone in the quest for sustainable transportation solutions. The global steel industry is responsible for a substantial 8% of CO2 emissions worldwide. Considering that approximately 70% of a truck’s weight is derived from steel and cast-iron components, the adoption of fossil-free steel presents a transformative opportunity to mitigate carbon emissions in the transportation sector. Furthermore, Volvo Trucks has set ambitious goals to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2040. This objective encompasses a transition away from fossil fuels and a gradual substitution of truck materials with fossil-free and recycled alternatives. This achievement is facilitated by SSAB’s pioneering HYBRIT technology, which revolutionizes conventional steel production methods.

Traditional steel production is a significant contributor to carbon emissions, as it relies heavily on coal and other fossil fuels. However, HYBRIT employs hydrogen as a reducing agent, emitting water rather than carbon dioxide during the process. Despite the departure from traditional techniques, SSAB’s fossil-free steel retains equivalent quality and properties to conventional steel, a pivotal consideration for Volvo [4]. By incorporating fossil-free steel into the manufacturing of trucks, Volvo Trucks is taking a proactive step towards reducing the environmental impact of its vehicles. Approximately 30% of materials utilized in its new trucks originate from recycled sources. Additionally, Volvo anticipates that up to 90% of a truck can be recycled at the conclusion of its operational life, demonstrating Volvo’s comprehensive approach to sustainability, which includes both production and end-of-life considerations [5]. By embracing these materials, manufacturers like Volvo Trucks are not only reducing their environmental impact but also positioning themselves as leaders in the transition towards sustainable mobility.

Economic and legal dimensions in sustainable trucking

In sustainable trucking, it’s essential to not only focus on the trucks, but also consider economic and legal factors. What steps can the government take to support and promote sustainable trucking? Understanding the Supply Chain Act is key to addressing this.

Act on Corporate Due Diligence Obligations in Supply Chains

The legislation ensures that companies operating in Germany uphold human rights and environmental protection standards throughout their global supply chains. Firms are now obligated to exercise caution not only within their own operations but also in dealings with their partners and suppliers, prioritizing the well-being of both individuals and the environment across the entire supply chain.

Initially, companies must identify and comprehend any issues within their supply chains. Then, based on what they find, they have to take action to prevent or reduce harm to people and the environment. Furthermore, the legislation specifies the exact actions that companies must undertake. Additionally, they are mandated to establish a mechanism for individuals within the supply chains to file complaints and regularly disclose to the public how they manage their supply chains.

This law helps everyone involved – people in the supply chains, companies, and consumers. It provides a comprehensive framework of regulations for companies to adhere to, ensuring responsible management of their supply chains for the betterment of both people and the planet. Consequently, consumers can have confidence that major companies in Germany are placing increased emphasis on ethical production practices.

Who has to follow the Supply Chain Act? Since 2023, it applies to large companies with at least 3,000 employees. In 2024, it also applies to companies with at least 1,000 workers in Germany. This way, companies of different sizes can slowly get used to and follow the new rules [6]. The European Commission also decided that by 2040, new trucks need to emit 90% less pollution compared to how much they emitted in 2019 [7]. In line with the European Green Deal, this proposal will also have a positive impact on the energy transition, as more energy will be saved and used more efficiently in the EU’s transport sector. This shows  that trucks are often responsible for a significant portion of greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation sector. Sustainable freight transport methods can help reduce these emissions. This is relevant in the context of the Supply Chain Act and regulations in the European region that aim to decrease environmental impacts.

If companies violate the Supply Chain Act, they may face significant penalties. The responsibility of monitoring compliance with the regulations rests with the Federal Office for Economic Affairs and Export Control (BAFA). Non-compliance can result in legal and financial consequences, damage to a company’s reputation and exclusion from public projects for a period of up to three years. Fines for breaches can reach as high as eight million euros or two percent of a company’s global sales revenue.

VuMa Survey

Figure 2: VuMa Survey: prioritizing ecological responsibility when buying products

However, these violations harm companies and their reputations. In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of sustainability and many consumers place great importance on companies implementing sustainable supply chains. A survey by VuMA shows that more people prioritize ecological responsibility when buying products. In 2017, 25.44 million

Germans agreed with this, increasing to 28.85 million by 2021. This rise in consumer demand highlights the growing importance of sustainability in business. Tesla is a prime example, as its electric vehicles help reduce CO2 emissions while boosting its success in the automotive industry. Integrating sustainable solutions not only benefits the environment but also strengthens market position, creating value for both the company and its stakeholders.

The Government´s role in improving the environmental impact of trucks

The following section examines the role of the state in promoting environmentally friendly trucks. It also explains what measures the state can take to promote the spread of environmentally friendly trucks and highlights the current challenges in this endeavour.

The government can implement measures to enhance the environmental performance of trucks. In 2018, the German government provided approximately 65.4 billion euros in subsidies that supported environmentally harmful activities, with nearly half of the amount directed toward the transportation sector. This is a chance for the government to help companies use more eco-friendly trucks. It is paradoxical that the government allocates funds for climate protection while simultaneously endorsing practices detrimental to the environment. It is imperative to promptly cease these harmful subsidies, not only to conserve financial resources but also to redirect investments towards environmentally sustainable approaches. At the same time, bureaucratic hurdles that hinder innovation in the industry must be removed in order to facilitate the transition to sustainable means of transportation.

More than two thirds of companies complain that bureaucracy restricts their innovations. This includes complex approval and licensing procedures as well as detailed documentation requirements. This should be made easier so that the added value also remains in the country or throughout Europe. Another advantage of sustainable financing is that it promotes innovation in technologies and processes essential for a sustainable economy. This can lead to new business opportunities and growth and improve the competitiveness of the state. A study by the Global Commission on the Economy and Climate found that a comprehensive shift to sustainable economic practices could generate around USD 26 trillion in economic benefits and create 65 million new jobs by 2030 [8].

CO2 Tax

The carbon tax is an environmental tax on the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2). This puts a price on emissions, which creates incentives to reduce emissions. A CO2 tax increases the price of products whose production and/or use is associated with greenhouse gas emissions. The higher these greenhouse gas emissions are, the higher the price will generally be. This creates incentives to demand fewer greenhouse gas-intensive products and to give preference to those products that cause the lowest emissions. Studies show that CO2 taxes effectively reduce emissions [9]. There is a broad scientific consensus that CO2 taxes are an effective and efficient instrument for combating climate change:

  1. Incentive for low-emission vehicles: A CO2 tax can serve as an economic incentive to promote the use of environmentally friendly trucks. By taxing CO2 emissions, companies are motivated to switch to cleaner and more energy-efficient means of transportation.
  2. Costs for CO2 emissions: The CO2 tax sets a price for the emission of carbon dioxide. Companies that operate trucks with higher CO2 emissions must therefore pay higher taxes. This creates a financial incentive to modernize the vehicle fleet and use more environmentally friendly vehicles.
  3. Promotion of sustainable technologies: A CO2 tax can promote the development and use of technologies that help to reduce CO2 emissions from trucks. This could encourage the use of electric vehicles, hydrogen drives or other low-emission technologies.

Supporting factors on sustainable trucking

As mentioned, the pursuit of sustainable trucking extends beyond the vehicles themselves. Equally crucial as the operation of trucks are supporting factors like roads, tires, electricity/hydrogen, or steel. A multifaced perspective is vital, ensuring that every aspect of the logistics ecosystem aligns with environmentally friendly practices.

Supporting factors: Sustainable roads

The functionality of freight transportation relies heavily on road construction maintenance, and infrastructure, making it essential that these factors are designed with sustainability in mind.

One of the most important components of roads is bitumen, traditionally produced form crude oil or as a by-product of fuel production, relying on fossil fuels and contributing to the GHG-emissions. Recognizing the need for alternatives, recent studies have investigated sustainable options, providing valuable insights into reshaping the landscape of road construction.

Studies have found that incorporating bio-based materials like wood oil into conventional bitumen can offer both benefits and challenges. Adding up to 15% wood oil showed no negative effects on bitumen’s performance and improved low-temperature resistance. However, mixing conventional bitumen with bio binders from various sources like bio-oil revealed issues such as reduced ductility, decreased water stability, and lower fatigue performance. Despite these challenges, organic binders, especially from pulp and paper industry residues, showed potential to enhance self-healing properties. Overall, the use of sustainable bio-binders in road construction holds promise but requires further research and improving [10, 11].

The studies highlight the ongoing exploration and experimentation in the realm of sustainable road construction, underscoring the importance of innovative approaches in minimizing the environmental impact of critical infrastructure components.

Noteworthy is the collaboration with STRABAG, one of Europe’s largest construction companies, with B2Square to produce sustainable asphalt with synthetic bitumen. This innovative asphalt aims to be entirely petroleum-free and capturing 1561 KG CO2 per ton, achieving CO2-negative results. However the effectiveness of this invention is yet to be fully realized, but this collaboration presents an optimistic outlook for integrating eco-friendly materials in road infrastructure.

Supporting factors: Tire Wear

Today’s tires blend natural and synthetic rubbers, primarily sourced from petroleum. When these tires meet the road, a microscopic but impactful phenomenon occurs tire wear releases particles into the environment. This process, prevalent in both combustion and electric vehicles, poses a complex challenge for sustainable trucking. In electric vehicles, the increased weight intensifies tire wear, resulting in approximately 20% more abrasion than their traditional counterparts.

Way of mircoplastics from streets into the oceans because of the abrasion

Figure 3: Way of mircoplastics from streets into the oceans because of the abrasion

Tire abrasion is a significant contributor to microplastic pollution, as emphasized by the Fraunhofer Institute. Germany grapples with tire abrasion emerging as one of the largest sources of microplastics. The potential global implication of these numbers underscores the urgent need for a fundamental shift in tire design and manufacturing. Microscopic fragments infiltrate ecosystems, threatening aquatic life and terrestrial habitats [12]. 

Per capita emissions of microplastics sorted by sources in Germany (2017)

Figure 4: Per capita emissions of microplastics sorted by sources in Germany (2017)

Addressing this environmental concern requires a transition to sustainable tire concepts. While current initiatives focus on recycling used tires, the focus should be in preventing tire abrasion emissions. A Transformation leading to the development of emission-free or sustainably emitting tires is essential. As we steer toward a sustainable trucking future investing in innovative tire technologies becomes a crucial step in minimizing the ecological footprint of road freight transportation.

Conclusion

Sustainability in road logistics stands as a decisive factor in the global fight against climate change. With road freight transportation holding a significant market share in the transport sector and offering unparalleled flexibility towards other sectors of freight transport, it is indispensable in meeting the demands of modern logistics. As such, it is essential that the entire sector shifts towards a more climate-friendly future.

The current landscape of projects and initiatives illustrates that this shift is not merely a vision anymore but a graspable reality. From the adoption of climate-neutral operation of vehicles to the implementation of more sustainable practices in material production, such as steel manufacturing, significant steps are being made. However, it’s important to acknowledge that the journey towards sustainability includes more than just vehicle technology. Important supporting factors such as sustainable road construction and the development of emission-free or biodegradable tries, must be integrated into the overreaching strategy for sustainable trucking. Despite the progress made, ongoing innovation and investment are crucial in each of these areas to ensure their long-term sustainability, profitability, and accessibility to all stakeholders. Governments have a significant role in facilitating these developments through supportive legislation and incentives that foster innovation and uptake of sustainable practices.

Nevertheless, it’s crucial to recognize that the transformation to a green transport sector will be both expensive and time-consuming. Achieving this sustainable future demands a balance between environmental goals and the economic feasibility within the industry. However, despite the challenges, it should be noted that this transformation is already in full swing, with industry stakeholders and policymakers alike recognizing the urgency and importance of transitioning towards more sustainable road freight transport practices.

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank Dr. Volkan Filiz Microporous polymers, Department head in the Hereon Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht for years of support in the scientific area of material technology.

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About the Authors

SebastianSebastian Schöttke is a student from Hamburg, Germany. He has been studying law and business psychology at Leuphana University Lüneburg since 2022. He focuses on the connections and implications of law and business as well as on future developments in the field of organizational psychology. In addition to his studies, he works as a student assistant at a company specialized in renewable energy. This involves assisting with contract management, M&A and other legal matters.

lillyLilly Gebert has been studying law and economic law since 2022. In her studies, she focuses on tax law, exploring the legal and financial dimensions of business operations. She works as an student assistant in the field of tax law at Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Germany. As the Finance Board Member of a university finance club, she played a pivotal role in transforming and strategically reshaping the organization to enhance its impact and effectiveness.   

EminEmin Khalilov has been studiying Law and Business Administration at Leuphana University of Lüneburg since 2022. He has completed highly regarded internships at the German Parliament, the European Parliament and a leading business law firm. Additionally, he gains consulting experience as a working student at a top consulting firm, providing strategic advice to the German government. As Finance Board Member of his university’s finance club, he has successfully implemented strategic initiatives to enhance its impact.

MichaelMichael Palocz-Andresen is a guest professor at BUAP Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. From 2018 to 2021, he worked as a Herder-professor supported by the DAAD at the TEC de Monterrey in Mexico. He became a full professor at the University of West Hungary 2005- 2017. Currently, he is a guest professor at the TU Budapest, the Leuphana University Lüneburg, and the Shanghai Jiao Tong University. He is a Humboldt scientist and instructor of the SAE International in the USA.

References         

  1. [1] Bal, F. & Vleugel, J. (2017). THE IMPACT OF HYBRID ENGINES ON FUEL CONSUMPTION AND EMISSIONS OF HEAVY-DUTY TRUCKS. WIT Transactions On Ecology And The Environment, 1, 203–212. https://doi.org/10.2495/esus170191
  2. [2] Handelsblatt (01.02.2023). https://www.handelsblatt.com/mobilitaet/elektromobilitaet/autoindustrie-batterie-zur-wiederverwertung-so-soll-das-recycling-bei-elektroautos-gelingen/28957460.html
  3. [3] Redwood Materials (17.02.2023). https://www.redwoodmaterials.com/news/electric-vehicle-and-hybrid-battery-recycling-california/
  4. [4] SSAB AB (2024). https://www.ssab.com/de-de/fossilfrei#ffs
  5. [5] Volvo Trucks (2024) https://www.volvotrucks.com/en-en/news-stories/press-releases/2024/sep/volvo-trucks-ramps-up-the-use-of-low-CO2-emission-steel.html
  6. [6] Bundesministerium für Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (2022). https://www.bmz.de/de/aktuelles/aktuelle-meldungen/ab-2023-gilt-das-lieferkettensorgfaltspflichtengesetz-136012
  7. [7] European Commission (14.02.2023). https://germany.representation.ec.europa.eu/news/kommissions-vorschlag-neue-co2-standards-fur-lkw-emissionsfreie-stadtbusse-ab-2030-2023-02-14_de
  8. [8] United Nations Climate Change (05.09.2018). https://unfccc.int/news/climate-smart-growth-could-deliver-26-trillion-usd-to-2030-finds-global-commission
  9. [9] Timilsina, G. R. (2022). Carbon taxes. Journal Of Economic Literature, 60(4), 1456–1502. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20211560
  10. [10] Ingrassia, L. P., Lu, X., Ferrotti, G. & Canestrari, F. (2019). Chemical, morphological and rheological characterization of bitumen partially replaced with wood bio-oil: Towards more sustainable materials in road pavements. Journal Of Traffic And Transportation Engineering (English Edition), 7(2), 192–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2019.04.003
  11. [11] Penki, R. & Rout, S. K. (2021). Next-generation bitumen: a review on challenges and recent developments in bio-bitumen preparation and usage. Biomass Conversion And Biorefinery, 13(11), 9583–9600. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01803-4
  12. [12] Kole, P. J., Löhr, A. J., Van Belleghem, F. & Ragas, A. (2017). Wear and Tear of Tyres: A Stealthy Source of Microplastics in the Environment. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 14(10), 1265. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14101265

Saudi Arabia’s AI Adoption Framework: Lessons for Europe’s Digital Transformation

iStock-2163200743 (1)

Saudi Arabia has unveiled a transformative AI Adoption Framework, signaling its ambition to become a global leader in artificial intelligence. Announced by the Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA) during the Global AI Summit, this initiative emphasizes ethical and responsible AI integration—a vision that aligns with Europe’s digital priorities and regulatory approaches.

The framework introduces 23 dedicated AI offices embedded in key government entities to accelerate the adoption of AI across sectors. This strategy aims to drive societal and economic progress while upholding ethical standards, an approach resonating with Europe’s commitment to responsible digital transformation under frameworks such as the EU’s Artificial Intelligence Act.

Saudi Arabia’s phased approach to AI adoption mirrors the structured pathways familiar in European policy design. It begins with foundational steps such as identifying organizational priorities, establishing AI-specific units, and conducting readiness assessments. These measures ensure alignment between AI initiatives and strategic objectives, addressing challenges similar to those faced by European industries. Key enablers like robust data infrastructure, advanced technologies, and workforce development feature prominently, echoing Europe’s focus on empowering human capital and fostering innovation ecosystems.

The framework also incorporates ethical guidelines, building on SDAIA’s 2023 AI Ethics Principles. Its maturity model categorizes AI adoption into levels—Emerging, Developed, Proficient, and Advanced—offering a roadmap for organizations to scale capabilities responsibly. Europe, as it navigates the complexities of regulating AI, could draw inspiration from this balanced model, ensuring that innovation complements the preservation of human-centric values.

For Europe, Saudi Arabia’s efforts underscore the importance of global dialogue on ethical AI adoption. Like the EU, Saudi Arabia is navigating the tension between fostering innovation and safeguarding fundamental rights. The framework emphasizes transparent, accountable, and safety-first AI practices, setting an example of how to balance progress with integrity.

As Saudi Arabia accelerates its digital transformation, its AI Adoption Framework presents a case study for European policymakers and businesses. By integrating global best practices with localized priorities, the initiative showcases how nations can harness AI to drive efficiency, enhance service delivery, and strengthen ethical governance.

The framework’s alignment with Europe’s digital aspirations offers a timely reminder: as technology evolves, collaboration between regions like Europe and the Gulf can help shape a future where innovation and ethics coexist, ensuring that AI serves humanity’s collective progress.

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Variety Offers the Key for a Great Hybrid Office Experience

Business team and leader meeting online and offline

By Dr. Gleb Tsipursky

As hybrid work continues to define the post-pandemic workplace, organizations are grappling with a key question: how to design office environments that support their workforce effectively and remain relevant in a world of increased remote work. Insights from my interview with Peggie Rothe, Chief Insights and Research Officer at Leesman, shed light on this critical challenge. With over 1.3 million employee responses about office experiences and half a million about remote work, Leesman’s extensive research reveals that variety is the cornerstone of an exceptional hybrid office experience.

Why Invest in Outstanding Offices?

In an era when employees have the flexibility to work remotely, some leaders question the necessity of creating top-tier office spaces. From a financial perspective, CFOs might ask why organizations should invest heavily in spaces that employees use less frequently. However, Rothe’s research demonstrates clear advantages to outstanding office environments.

Leesman’s studies identify four key benefits of exceptional office design:

  1. Fostering Pride: A well-designed workplace enhances employees’ connection to their organization, instilling pride and a sense of belonging.
  2. Boosting Productivity: Offices tailored for focused work enable employees to be more productive, directly benefiting the organization’s bottom line.
  3. Strengthening Collaboration: The right spaces encourage community building and effective teamwork, both of which are critical in hybrid models.
  4. Enhancing Enjoyment: A thoughtfully designed workplace creates a positive and enjoyable experience, encouraging employees to make the effort to commute to the office.

Rothe emphasizes that the goal isn’t simply to increase office attendance but to ensure that when employees do choose to come in, their experience is outstanding.

Tackling the Commute Challenge

Despite the benefits of a well-designed office, commuting remains a significant barrier for many employees. According to Rothe, organizations must acknowledge this reality and adapt. Flexible strategies, such as decentralized office hubs or third spaces closer to employees’ homes, can mitigate the commuting burden while still providing access to collaborative and focused workspaces.

Even within the confines of a single centralized office, it’s crucial to focus on creating an environment that offers a great experience. As Rothe points out, while improving the commute can make the office more accessible, improving the experience ensures that when employees are present, their time is well-spent.

The ROI of Variety

For organizations constrained by budget limitations, achieving variety in office design can feel daunting. Tech giants like Google and Microsoft may set a high standard with lavish amenities, but Rothe argues that variety doesn’t have to be expensive. Public sector organizations, for example, have successfully implemented unassigned workspaces with diverse settings that deliver high satisfaction scores.

The key is tailoring the workplace to the specific needs of the organization and its employees. Leesman’s data highlights that workplaces with high satisfaction in variety also score highly across other satisfaction metrics. This underscores the importance of offering a range of environments that cater to different activities, work styles, and demographics.

Understanding Employee Needs

To design an effective office, organizations must first understand what their employees need. This begins with identifying the primary activities employees engage in at the office—such as focused work and collaboration—and then designing spaces to support these activities.

Focused work is a foundational need, as nearly every employee engages in it to some extent. Rothe notes the distinction between “snorkeling” tasks, which involve light focus and can tolerate interruptions, and “deep diving” tasks, which require uninterrupted concentration. A successful office supports both types of focus work while also offering spaces for calls and collaborative efforts.

Understanding the diversity of employees’ needs is equally important. Working parents may prioritize amenities like on-site childcare, while younger employees might value privacy in a shared workspace. By offering a flexible array of spaces and services, organizations can accommodate the varied demands of their workforce.

The Future of Hybrid Workplaces

The workplace of the future, according to Rothe, will prioritize variety. While fewer employees may have their own designated workstations, offices will evolve to provide a range of settings tailored to specific tasks. This flexibility will empower employees to choose the best environment for their work on any given day.

Moreover, the office will function as a critical piece of the hybrid work puzzle, complementing home offices and other third spaces. Organizations that succeed in creating environments with the right mix of options will find that they are better equipped to support their employees, regardless of how often they come to the office.

A New Standard for Workplace Excellence

Leesman’s research underscores the importance of rethinking office design in the hybrid era. Variety emerges as the essential ingredient in creating spaces that not only meet the diverse needs of employees but also deliver tangible business benefits.

Organizations that embrace this shift—prioritizing employee experience and investing in spaces that support productivity, collaboration, and enjoyment—will position themselves as leaders in the new world of work, as I highlight to my clients in advising them on adopting flexible work best practices. For employees, the hybrid workplace represents an opportunity to enjoy the best of both worlds, with offices that are designed to inspire, support, and connect.

The message is clear: the future of work isn’t about choosing between the office and remote work—it’s about creating the right balance and ensuring that every piece of the hybrid puzzle fits together seamlessly.

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About the Author

Dr. Gleb TsipurskyDr. Gleb Tsipursky was named “Office Whisperer” by The New York Times for helping leaders overcome frustrations with hybrid work and Generative AI. He serves as the CEO of the future-of-work consultancy Disaster Avoidance Experts. Dr. Gleb wrote seven best-selling books, and his two most recent ones are Returning to the Office and Leading Hybrid and Remote Teams and ChatGPT for Thought Leaders and Content Creators: Unlocking the Potential of Generative AI for Innovative and Effective Content Creation. His cutting-edge thought leadership was featured in over 650 articles and 550 interviews in Harvard Business Review, Inc. Magazine, USA Today, CBS News, Fox News, Time, Business Insider, Fortune, The New York Times, and elsewhere. His writing was translated into Chinese, Spanish, Russian, Polish, Korean, French, Vietnamese, German, and other languages. His expertise comes from over 20 years of consulting, coaching, and speaking and training for Fortune 500 companies from Aflac to Xerox. It also comes from over 15 years in academia as a behavioral scientist, with 8 years as a lecturer at UNC-Chapel Hill and 7 years as a professor at Ohio State. A proud Ukrainian American, Dr. Gleb lives in Columbus, Ohio.

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